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Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323)

Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323). Instructors: Dr. A-Majid Nassar. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Introduction. - Hydrology is the science of water :

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Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323)

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  1. Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323) Instructors: Dr. A-Majid Nassar

  2. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction - Hydrology is the science of water: - And it is the study of the hydrologic cycle; occurrence, distribution, movement, physical and chemical properties of waters of the earth and their environmental relationships.

  3. 1.2. Hydrologic Cycle

  4. - Hydrologic Cycle Processes Processes Atmospheric water Precipitation Evaporation Infiltration Surface Runoff Groundwater Recharge (Percolation) Baseflow Land Surface Surface Water Soil water Groundwater System

  5. Catchment boundary or watershed or divide for the site At A Stream Outlet A Or Station A Catchment boundary for the site At B Stream Outlet B Tributary 1.3. Water Budget Catchment or Watershed? Catchment or drainage basin or river basin or watershed is defined as: The area drained by a stream or a system of connecting streams such that the surface runoff originating in this area leaves the area in concentrated flow through a single outlet.

  6. System Boundary SYSTEM OPERATORS INPUTS OUTPUTS Water budget equation System Concept Hydrologic analysis for various applications and models begins with the system concept. I - Q =  S/ t (change in storage with respect to time) I = inflow volume per unit time Q = outflow per unit time

  7. P E T R G Typical Water Budget System Components P = precipitation E = evaporation T = transpiration R = Surface runoff G = net groundwater flow  S = change in storage P - R - G - E - T =  S - Example 1.2

  8. 1.4. World Water Balance • Oceans: 96.5 % of total • Fresh: 2.5 % of total Groundwater 30.1 % of fresh water Polar Ice 68.6 % of fresh water Lakes & Rivers 0.266 % of fresh water

  9. Global Water Balance • Global Average Precipitation: Ocean (70.8 %) and Land (29.2%) 127 cm x 0.708 + 80 cm x 0.292 = 113.2 cm/yr • Global Average Evaporation: 140 cm x 0.708 + 48.4 x 0.292 = 113.2 cm/yr

  10. 1.6. Application in Engineering Application of hydrosciences for planning, design and operation of various water related facilities. - design rainfall events, stream flows, time histories for optimization, operation and continuous simulation. - hydraulic structures, water supply, wastewater treatment and disposal, irrigation, urban drainage, reservoirs and spillways, floodplain analysis and delineation, erosion and sediment control, (etc).

  11. 1.7. Source of Data The data normally required: • Weather records ( temperature, humidity, wind velocity) • Precipitation data • Stream-flow records • Evaporation and transpiration data • Infiltration characteristics of the area • Groundwater characteristics • Physical and geological characteristics

  12. Assignments for Chapter 1 Solve the following problems: - 1.3 - 1.5

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