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Middle Ages

Middle Ages. Europe’s Latitude v. US. R E G I O N S. Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas?. OR. A Peninsula of Asia?. Europe: An Asian Peninsula ?. Northern Peninsulas. Scandinavian Peninsula. Jutland Peninsula. Southern Peninsulas. Crimean Peninsula. Iberian Peninsula. Italian Peninsula.

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Middle Ages

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  1. Middle Ages

  2. Europe’s Latitude v. US

  3. REGIONS

  4. Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? OR A Peninsula of Asia?

  5. Europe:An Asian Peninsula?

  6. Northern Peninsulas Scandinavian Peninsula Jutland Peninsula

  7. Southern Peninsulas CrimeanPeninsula Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula AnatoleanPeninsula

  8. Bodies of Water ArcticOcean AtlanticOcean North Sea Baltic Sea English Channel CaspianSea Bay ofBiscay BlackSea DardanellesStrait Adriatic Sea AegeanSea TyrrhenianSea Strait ofGibraltar Mediterranean Sea

  9. Rivers Volga R. Don R. Thames R. Elbe R. Vistula R. Oder R. Rhine R. Seine R. Loire R. Danube R. Po R. Tagus R. Tiber R. Ebro R.

  10. The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum Strait of Gibraltar & the“Pillars of Hercules” • 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide • “Crossroads of 3 Continents”

  11. The Danube River Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube • Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine.

  12. The Volga River • The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

  13. Why are most of the capitals of Europe on major rivers??

  14. Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

  15. Capitals on the Rivers (2) Moscow on the Moscow River Berlin on the Spree Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

  16. What’stheanswer??

  17. Answer: They are Europe’s lifeline!

  18. Moutains&Peaks Ural Mts. Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^ Mt. Etna ^

  19. The Alps • Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

  20. Mt. Blanc in the Alps • Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

  21. Transylvaniain the Carpathian Mountains • Home of Vlad Tepeš, theDrakul (“Count Dracula”)

  22. Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” 1500 miles • Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia.

  23. The Ural Mountains

  24. European background • Isolated and cut off from Middle East. India and China. • Germanic invaders shifted focus to North: • Scandinavian peninsula • British Isles • Northern Europe: Denmark, Germany, France and Iberian Peninsula • Mediterranean countries

  25. Resources there: • Timber • Agriculture • Minerals • Fishing • Hunting Tribes: • Would live in small communities and elect warrior kings.

  26. Trade • Guild • Association of people who worked at the same occupation • Set standard price and size

  27. Recreation of Towns • With the re-development of trade, new towns formed • Towns were not planned very well • Streets were narrow • No Sewers • Waste was dumped in the streets • Most never bathed • No fresh water supply

  28. Surnames • People can trace their last names back to medieval occupations • Smites- means works with metal • Brownsmith- copper • Goldsmith- gold • Silversmith- silver • Work with wood—Carpenter • Places—person from Wales had the name Welsh • New people might be named Newman

  29. Feudalism

  30. Feudalism • Lord- landowner • Fief- land granted • Vassal- person who received the fief • Serfs- people who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born—they could be sold or bought • Knights- warriors who pledged to defend their lord’s land

  31. Invasions Trigger Change • Disruption of trade • Downfall of cities • Population shift • Decline of learning • Few people can read and write • Mainly church officials • Oral traditions continued • Loss of common language

  32. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge • Shift from government and written law • Germanic society banned through family and personal loyalty • Warriors would fight for a leader they respected but not a king they do not know

  33. Spread of Christianity • Christianity spreads among the people • Monasteries and Convents begin to emerge • Gregory I becomes pope in 590 • Named Gregory the Great • Under Gregory they become a worldly power

  34. Franks • Germanic tribe in control of Gaul • Clovis was the leader • During a battle versus another Germanic Clovis prayed for help • After the prayer the tide shifted to Clovis, which enables him to win • Clovis converts to Christianity • Eventually, Clovis unites the Germanic tribes • Franks and Rome begin a close relationship

  35. Clovis: King of Franks • Conquered Gaul: • now France and converted to Christianity. • Who is an automatic ally because of this? • ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH!

  36. MUSLIMS ON THEIR WAY THROUGH EUROPE! • Muslims advanced through Spain and parts of France. • Defeated in 732 AD by Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) at the Battle of Tours.

  37. Charles Martel • Was mayor of the palace • This became the most powerful person in the kingdom • Nickname: “Charles the Hammer” • Defeated Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732 • Why is this an important outcome for European history?

  38. Age of Chivalry • Charles Martel observed the Muslims on horseback • Saddle and stirrups • Knights would receive land for their services • Their pastimes revolved around training for war

  39. Pepin the Short • Son of Martel • Pepin wanted to become king • Lombards were invading Italy • Pepin agreed to fight them • After defeating them, St. Boniface, the pope crowned him “king by the grace of God” • Start of Carolingian (KAR- uh-LIHN-juhn) Dynasty

  40. Charlemagne • Son of Pepin • Also known as “Charles the Great” • Stood more than 6ft tall. • Could read but not write. • Sent out “missi dominici”: provincial rulers to check on roads, grievances and ensure justice in the kingdom. • Loved battle: united Germanic tribes of Europe.

  41. Charlemagne • Helped to spread Christianity, while uniting Germanic tribes western Europe • In 800 Charlemagne defeated an unruly mob that attacked the pope • Pope Leo III thanked him by crowning him emperor

  42. Charlemagne • Education was a staple to his reign. • Palace school of Aachen (AH-kuhn) • Run by respected scholar: Alcuin (AL-kwihn) • Hired scholars to copy ancient manuscripts including Bible and Latin works in History and Science • Became the textbooks of Europe for over 700 years.

  43. Treaty of Verdun • Divided Charlemagne’s empire into three sections • West- Charles the Bald • Central- Lothair • East- Louis the German

  44. Ideals Loyal Brave Courteous Most treated the lower class brutally Public shame for disregard Spurs were cut off Sword broken over their head Thrown in a coffin, then dragged to a church Mock funeral service Knighthood

  45. Page Sent by parents to another lord Waited on their guests Played chess Practiced sword fighting Squire Around the age of 14 raised to the rank of squire Took care of knight’s armor, weapons, and warhorse Knighthood

  46. Knighthood • Tournaments • Two armies of knights would face each other • Winners could usually demanded large ransoms from defeated knights

  47. Manor • Heart of Medieval economy • Self-sufficiency was part of manor life • Food, clothing etc. provided on manor. • Mill ground grain, well provided water, ovens produced bread, blacksmith forged implements for farming and weapons for knights. • Life expectancy on manor was 35

  48. Castles • Had a tower ringed by a fence or wall • Surrounded by a moat • Ditch filled with water. • Drawbridge controlled by interior, restricted access

  49. Battering Ram • Used to crack walls or drawbridges

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