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NORTH AMERICA (CHAPTER 3). DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS. (US & CANADA) ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHRISTIAN FAITHS EUROPEAN NORMS GOVERNMENT, ARCHITECTURE, DIET, ARTS HIGHLY URBANIZED MOBILE POPULATIONS HIGH INCOMES FEDERAL STATES. PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS. CLIMATE PATTERNS.
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DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS • (US & CANADA) • ENGLISH LANGUAGE • CHRISTIAN FAITHS • EUROPEAN NORMS • GOVERNMENT, ARCHITECTURE, DIET, ARTS • HIGHLY URBANIZED • MOBILE POPULATIONS • HIGH INCOMES • FEDERAL STATES
PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS
THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: 1820-1980 South/East Europe 10000 Germany Scandinavia 8000 Latin America Asia British Isles 6000 Immigration in 1000s 4000 2000 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 Push FactorsPull Factors +1840s: Irish Potato Famine +Economic Opportunity +1850-1920: Overpopulation, War +Political/Religious Freedom +Recent: Overpopulation, War, Oppression +Land Availability
URBANGEOGRAPHY • CONCERNED WITH THE SPATIAL ASPECTS OF CITIES AND URBAN SYSTEMS • MAJOR THEMES • HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CITIES • PLANNING AND POLICY-MAKING • URBAN SPATIAL CHANGE: Single-centered urban structure of the past is transformed into a multicentered model in which several outlying activity concentrations rival the Central Business District (CBD)
COMPONENTS OF THE SPATIAL ECONOMY • ACTIVITIES OR SECTORS • Primary (Extractive Activities) • Secondary (Manufacturing) • Tertiary (Services) • Quaternary (Information) • Quinary (Management)
INDUSTRIAL LOCATION FACTORS • Location of raw materials • Labor availability • Energy availability • Location of markets • Transportation
FUEL RESOURCES
Quebec City Toronto Montreal Detroit Windsor “MAIN STREET CLUSTER” IN CANADA See next slide
C A N A D A • Canada achieves 79% urbanization, like the U.S.
REGIONS OF THE REALM Pick one of these 9 and discuss in detail, for test: • NORTH AMERICAN CORE • MARITIME NORTHEAST • FRENCH CANADA • CONTINENTAL INTERIOR • SOUTH • SOUTHWEST • WESTERN FRONTIER • NORTHERN FRONTIER • PACIFICHINGE
REGIONS OF THE REALM
NORTH AMERICAN CORE • SYNONYMOUS WITH THE MANUFACTURING BELT • CONTAINS LARGEST CITY AND CAPITAL OF BOTH COUNTRIES • EXTENSIVE TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS AND FACILITIES • GROWING IMPACT OF POSTINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZATION
MARITIME NORTHEAST • UPPER NEW ENGLAND AND THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES • ECONOMIC FOCUS • PRIMARY ACTIVITIES • RECREATION • TOURISM
FRENCH CANADA • THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF QUEBEC AND NEIGHBORING ACADIA • LONG LOT LAND DIVISION SYSTEM • IMPACT OF QUEBEC’S SEPARATIST MOVEMENT • MONTREAL
CONTINENTAL INTERIOR • CENTER OF CONTERMINOUS U.S. AND SOUTHERN CANADA • TREMENDOUS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY • CORN AND WHEAT BELTS; SOYBEANS • URBAN CENTERS • KANSAS CITY • MINNEAPOLIS-ST PAUL • WINNIPEG • OMAHA • DENVER
SOUTH • SOUTHEAST CORNER OF THE REALM • MOST DYNAMIC REGION IN TERMS OF CHANGE • CONTINUING ECONOMIC PROBLEMS • POVERTY AND INCOME DISPARITY • CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS
SOUTHWEST • US-MEXICAN BORDERLAND – a lot of cross-migration to work • A TRICULTURAL REGION E. J. PALKA
WESTERN FRONTIER • REALM’S NEWEST REGION • POPULATION INFLUX • THE LAS VEGAS BOOM • OTHER METROPOLISES • DENVER • SALT LAKE CITY
NORTHERN FRONTIER • NORTH OF 52°N LATITUDE • NORTH AMERICA’S LARGEST REGION • FRONTIER STATUS • INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
PACIFICHINGE • PACIFIC COASTLANDS OF THE CONTERMINOUS U.S. AND SW CANADA • LEGACY OF 20TH CENTURY CONTINUOUS GROWTH • BALANCE BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT • NATURAL HAZARDS