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The Social Robots Project focuses on improving social interaction between humans and robots. The Vikia robot serves as a robotic greeter and tour guide, designed with a unique personality to obey social conventions and promote engaging interactions. By emphasizing expressiveness and non-verbal cues, the project aims to make interactions intuitive and entertaining without requiring user training. Insights from related works and experimental findings guide future developments in speech recognition, movement, and emotional modeling, striving to enhance human-robot communication in service domains.
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The Social Robots Project Vikia: A Robot for Social Interaction
Different Approaches to Human-Robot Interaction • Non-anthropomorphic Easy to design, but hard to use • Anthropomorphic Opposite problem • Continuum exists between the two • Where is it best to focus our efforts?
Social Interaction • Focus on the abilities that people use to communicate with each other • Doesn’t require training for users • In service domains, social behavior is an important part of accomplishing the task well (e.g. caretaker, tour guide)
Goals of Social Robot Project • Vikia - a robotic greeter / tour guide for Newell Simon Hall • With a personality • That can obey social conventions • Make interacting with robots easy and entertaining
Expressiveness • Drama provides models for expressive behavior without the effort of “building a human” • Delsarte’s code of expressions • French dramatist in 1800s, create perception of emotion
Interaction • Gesture, expression, gaze and other non-verbal cues are important • Must have reasonable responses to unexpected behavior • Must have predictable responses to normal behavior
Related Work: Software Agents • REA (Justine Cassell) - multimodal communication • Oz project (Reilly, Bates) - interactive drama, character design • Virtual Theater project (Barbara Hayes-Roth) - improvisation, character design
Related Work: Robots • Kismet (Cynthia Breazeal) - expression • Xavier (Yasushi Nakauchi) - personal space • Nursebot - natural language communication, social behavior
Background Work: Robot Improv • Short plays improvised by two Nomad scouts • Goal-oriented behavior is dramatic behavior • Inner obstacles influence how goals are achieved • Robot-robot interaction for human audience
Background Work: Xavier • Used concept of personal space to model how people stand in line • Experimentally determined size and shape of personal space for task • Used stereo vision to recognize lines of people and their orientation • Implemented behavior to enter and wait in line
Vikia • Tracks people with laser range finder • Executes scripts based on perceptions • First experiment • Question: How willing will people be to engage in a short interaction with the robot ? • Task: Ask a poll question. • Baseline – no face, no speech recognition
Experimental Results • Setting: busy hallway • 15 minute trial • 50 people passed • 6 stopped • 4 answered Vikia’s question
Experimental Results • The majority of people in the hallway didn’t even look at the robot (CMU bias?) • Initiating interaction was more successful with a captive audience • People often played with the camera on the robot, answered questions in verbose manner • Timeouts, rich state transition model were important
Next Steps • Integrating speech recognition, movement • Integrating vision-based people tracking (Adrian Hilti) • Behavior recognition
Future Work • Emotional model • Plan-based approach to interaction • Learning of social conventions
