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Cataloguing Codes and Conceptual Models: RDA and the Influence of FRBR and other IFLA Initiatives

Cataloguing Codes and Conceptual Models: RDA and the Influence of FRBR and other IFLA Initiatives. by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Cataloging Policy & Support Office Library of Congress for “Back to the Basics” February 1, 2007. Work. Expression. Manifestation. Item. Overview.

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Cataloguing Codes and Conceptual Models: RDA and the Influence of FRBR and other IFLA Initiatives

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  1. Cataloguing Codes and Conceptual Models:RDA and the Influence of FRBR and other IFLA Initiatives by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Cataloging Policy & Support Office Library of Congress for “Back to the Basics” February 1, 2007

  2. Work Expression Manifestation Item Overview • Conceptual models • FRBR • Cataloging principles • IME ICC Statement • Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) • New cataloging code

  3. IFLA Initiatives • ISBD • International Standard Bibliographic Description • FRBR • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • VIAF • Virtual International Authority File • IME ICC • IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code • replacing ‘Paris Principles’ of 1961

  4. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • Entity-relationship model • Entities: Group 1, 2, 3 • Relationships • Attributes • National level bibliographic record elements (mandatory & optional data) • User tasks • find, identify, select, obtain • Collocation at the work/expression level

  5. Vocabulary • “Book” • Door prop (item) • “publication” • at bookstore • any copy • (manifestation)

  6. Vocabulary • “Book” • Who translated? • (expression) • Who wrote? • (work)

  7. FRBR Group 1 - Relationships Inherent to the Entities • Work“is realized by” an expression • Expression“is embodied in” a manifestation • Manifestation“is exemplified by” an item • Item

  8. Relationships Work Expression Manifestation • Inherent among the entities • Content relationships among works Item Whole-Part Accompanying

  9. Family of Works Same Expression New Work NewExpression B. Tillett Dec. 2001

  10. Work ID Title Date etc. Expression ID Title Form Date Language etc. Manifestation ID Title Statement of responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher, date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc. Item ID Provenance Location etc. Group 1 Entities’ Attributes FRBR

  11. Group 2 Work Expression FRBR Manifestation Item is owned by Person is produced by is realized by Corporate Body is created by many

  12. DRAFT FRAD extension to FRBR FRBR Entities: Person Family Corporate Body Work Expression Manifestation Item Concept Object Event Place December 2006 Name Identifier Access Point Rules Agency

  13. Work Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Concept Object Event Place Group 3 Work has as subject FRBR has as subject has as subject many

  14. FRBR and MARC • MARC bibliographic, authority, and holdings records • FRBR and MARC crosswalk and analysis: http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analysis/frbr.html

  15. FRBR-ize MARC records OCLC’s algorithm http://www.oclc.org/research/software/frbr/ LC’s display tool http://www.loc.gov/marc http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analysis/tool.html

  16. Series (work/expression) Uniform Title Person Work/ Expression Uniform Title Concept Manifestation Possible FRBR applicationsScenario A - Now Authority Bibliographic Item Holding

  17. Person/ Corporate body Concept Scenario B Authority Person/ Corporate body Series (work/expression) Uniform Title Work/ Expression Uniform Title Manifestation Bibliographic Item Holding

  18. FRBR Benefits • Collocation • Better organization to catalog • Easier cataloging • Reduction in cataloging load • Work only cataloged once for all expressions of it • Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations of it • Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same

  19. FRBR Benefits • Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level • (VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this)

  20. Applications of conceptual model • FRBR is conceptual model • No application is prescribed • Opportunities for the future in new systems designs • Greater connection with a&i, digital aggregators • Keep user foremost in mind

  21. Cataloguing Principles • 1961 – IFLA’s “Paris Principles”

  22. IME ICC Goals & Objectives • Goal • Increase the ability to share cataloguing worldwide by • Promoting standards • Objectives • Develop “Statement of International Cataloguing Principles” • See if rules/practices can get closer together • Make recommendations for an International Cataloguing Code

  23. IME ICC Regional Meetings • IME ICC1 – Europe/Anglo-American • IME ICC2 – Latin America-Caribbean • IME ICC3 – Middle East • IME ICC4 – Asia http://www.ddb.de/standardisierung/afs/imeicc_index.htm http://www.loc.gov/imeicc2 http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/ http://www.nl.go.kr/icc/icc/main.php

  24. Next/Final Meeting – IME ICC5 • 2007 August 15-16 subSaharanAfrica • Hosted by the National Library of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

  25. Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (2003-2007) 1. Scope 2. Entities, Attributes, Relationships 3. Functions of the Catalogue 4. Bibliographic Description 5. Access Points 6. Authority Records 7. Foundations for Search Capabilities

  26. Convenience of user Common usage Representation Accuracy Sufficiency and necessity Significance Economy Standardization Integration Defensible, not arbitrary If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution. Objectives for Construction of Cataloguing Codes

  27. Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

  28. Semantic Web BuildingBlocks Other controlled vocabularies A&I controlled vocabularies (Library) authorityfiles “Ontologies” End-user

  29. What is the VIAF? • System • Links between files • Web browser access • Multi-lingual and multi-scripts • Allow national or regional variations in authorized form to co-exist • Support needs for variations in preferred language, script, and spelling • Maintenance • National agencies control their records • Records harvested from national systems • Scalable • Any number of national authority files

  30. Project Stages • Stage 1: Retrospective Link • Phase 1: Build enhanced authority files for both PND and LC person names • Phase 2: Match PND and LC enhanced authority records to create the initial version of the VIAF • Stage 2: Ongoing Maintenance • Phase 3: Build OAI Server • Phase 4: Ongoing maintenance and metadata harvesting using OAI protocols • Stage 3: Searchable system • Stage 4: End user interface with Unicode displays

  31. Work Expression Manifestation Item IFLA • FRBR • Cataloging principles • IME ICC Statement • Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

  32. International Cataloguing Code

  33. AACR: Supporting Organizational Structure

  34. JSC, Editor, Project Manager

  35. Toronto, Canada JSC invited worldwide experts Issues leading to RDA Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of AACR Seriality Internationalization 1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR

  36. Why a new standard? • Simplify rules • Encourage use as a content standard for metadata schema • Encourage international applicability • Provide more consistency • Address current problems • Principle-based • Build on cataloger’s judgment • Encourage application of FRBR/FRAD

  37. Why not just keep revising AACR2? • AACR2 • 1978 • 1988 • 1998 • 2002

  38. A new cataloging environment • Wide range of information carriers: wider depth and complexity of content • Metadata created by a wider range of personnel • Many new metadata formats

  39. RDA will be… • A new standard for resource description and access • Designed for the digital environment • Developed as a web-based product • Description and access of all digital resources (and analog) • Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)

  40. RDA will be… • Multinational content standard for a variety of media and formats collected by libraries today • Developed for use in English language environment; also be used in other language communities • Independent of the communication format (e.g., MARC 21)

  41. RDA will… • Support FRBR user tasks • Find, identify, select, obtain • Enable users of library catalogues, etc. to find and use resources appropriate to their information needs

  42. Targets of Strategic Plan • New edition – early 2009 • Reach out to other communities • Web-based product/tool, plus a print paper product

  43. RDA Structure (Proposed) • General introduction • Part A – Description and access • Part B – Authority control (Access point control) • Appendices • Capitalization, Numerals, Initial articles, Abbreviations • Presentation (ISBD display, OPAC display, etc.) • Glossary • Index

  44. Part A Chapters 0-5 0. Introduction 1. General guidelines for resource description 2. Identification of the resource 3. Carrier - FRBR “Select” 4. Content - FRBR “Select” 5. Acquisition and access information - FRBR “Obtain”

  45. Chapter 7: Relationships between FRBR Group 1 entities: Works Expressions Manifestations Items Chapter 6: Relationships between FRBR Group 1 and Group 2 entities: Persons Corporate bodies Families Part A, Chapters 6-7“Relationships” FRBR user task “Find”

  46. Part B Access Point Control • Choice of access points • General guidelines for access point control • Access points (preferred forms and variants) for: • Persons, Families, Corporate bodies, Places • Works, Expressions, etc. • Other information used in access point control (entity identifiers, sources, etc.)

  47. AACR2 terms Heading Authority control Authorized heading Main Entry Added Entry Uniform title RDA terms Access point Access point control Preferred access point Primary Access point Secondary Access point Preferred title New Terminology

  48. RDA Draft Reviews • Mar.-June 2007: Chapter 3 “Carrier” • July–Sept. 2007: Chapters 6 and 7 “Relationships” • Dec. 2007-Mar. 2008: Part B “Access Point Control” • July-Sept. 2008: Complete draft of RDA • Early 2009: First release of RDA

  49. Content vs. display • RDA will be a content standard not a display standard • RDA records can still be displayed in an ISBD display if desired

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