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Biodiversity

Biodiversity. Biodiversity : The variety of life on Earth; considered at all levels, from populations to ecosystems. How many species are there? About 8.7 million (± 1.3 million) as of 2011 Only ~2 million described and named Thousands of species (mostly insects) discovered each year.

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Biodiversity

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  1. Biodiversity • Biodiversity: The variety of life on Earth; considered at all levels, from populations to ecosystems. • How many species are there? • About 8.7 million (± 1.3 million) as of 2011 • Only ~2 million described and named • Thousands of species (mostly insects) discovered each year. • http://earthsky.org/earth/top-10-new-species-of-2016

  2. Classification • Taxonomy is the study of describing, naming, and classifying organisms; arranging them based on similarities. • Carl Linnaeus (Swedish biologist; 1707-1778) • First to develop a formal classification system for organisms; grouped similar organisms together. • Binomial nomenclature; still used today • Binomial nomenclature • Two-word, descriptive name for species • Genus and species names derived from Latin • Names are italicized or underlined in print. • E.g.) Giant Panda: Ailuropodamelanoleuca (“Cat foot”) Polar Bear: Ursusmaritimus (Ursusis latin for bear) Grizzly Bear: Ursusarctos

  3. Classification Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  4. Humans vs Orangutan

  5. Domain • Eukaryote- Multicellular organisms containing a nucleus and DNA • Prokaryote- Single Celled organism with no nucleus (Archae, Bacteria) • Three domains: • Archaeaand(2) Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) (3) Eukarya are more complex; have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

  6. Three-Domain System Protists Plants Fungi Animals

  7. ARCHAEA (Prokaryote) • Kingdom - ARCHAEBACTERIA • Probably the 1st cells to evolve • Live in HARSH environments • Found in: • Sewage Treatment Plants (Methanogens) • Thermal or Volcanic Vents (Thermophiles) • Acidic hot springs or geysers (Thermophiles) • Very salty water: Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake (Halophiles)

  8. BACTERIA (Prokaryote) • Kingdom - EUBACTERIA • Some may cause disease • Found in ALL HABITATS except the most harsh • Important decomposers for environment • Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.

  9. Domain Eukarya is Divided into Four Kingdoms • Protista (protozoans, algae…) • Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) • Plantae (multicellular plants) • Animalia (multicellular animals)

  10. Protista • Unicellular, multicellular, or colonial • Autotrophic or heterotrophic • Aquatic Anything that is not a bacteria, animal, plant, or fungi—really a catch-all group!

  11. Fungi • Multicellular, except yeast • Absorptive heterotrophs: digest food outside their body & then absorb it • Cell walls made of chitin

  12. Plantae • Multicellular • Autotrophic: Absorb sunlight to make glucose via Photosynthesis • Cell walls made of cellulose

  13. Animalia • Multicellular • Ingestive heterotrophs: Consume food & digest it inside their bodies • Feed on plants or animals

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