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Matter: Properties and Changes - Ping Pong Ball vs. Golf Ball

Compare and contrast the properties of a ping pong ball and a golf ball, and determine if both balls will float in water. Explore physical properties, density, state of matter, size-dependent and size-independent properties, chemical properties, reactivity, pH scale, and properties of acids and bases.

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Matter: Properties and Changes - Ping Pong Ball vs. Golf Ball

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  1. Chapter 5 Matter– Properties and Changes

  2. Introductory Lab • Your science team will be given a ping-pong ball and a golf ball • You will write down their similarities and differences • Question: Since both balls are made of plastic, will both balls float in water? • Hypothesis: If…then…because

  3. Physical property Density State of matter Size dependent property Size independent property Chemical property salts Physical Change Chemical Change Reactivity Key Vocabulary

  4. Physical Properties • A characteristic of matter than can be observed without changing the identity of the matter • Common Examples: • Mass • Volume • Density • Melting point • Boiling point • Freezing point • Color • Shape • Smell • Taste

  5. Density • The amount of mass in a given volume • A golf ball is more dense than a ping-pong ball so the golf ball sinks in water and the ping-pong ball floats • Density = mass/volume

  6. State of Matter • Whether matter is in solid, liquid, gas, or plasma form

  7. Properties related to size • Size-dependent properties- change with the size of a substance • Volume and mass • Size-Independent properties- do not change with the change in size of a substance • density

  8. pH Scale • pH is the measure of Hydronium Ions present in a substance…sounds more complicated than it is… • pH is measured on a scale of 1-14 • 1 is extremely acidic and 14 is extremely basic • 7 is neutral • Each integer is an increase of 10X

  9. Properties of Acids • What do you think of when you hear the word ACID? • Acids are in some foods we eat and others can severely harm you • Every time you eat citrus you eat acid (ascorbic acid) • What taste does a lemon have?

  10. Properties of Bases • Have you ever accidentally eaten soap? • What did it taste like? • Bases have a bitter taste and are slippery

  11. Chemical Properties • Characteristic of matter that allows it to change to a different type of matter • What happens when you strike a match? • What happens when you leave an apple on the counter?

  12. Reactivity • How easily a chemical reacts with another chemical • Iron rusts easily due to its high reactivity with oxygen • Gold and silver have low reactivity and therefore are ideal for jewelry

  13. Chemical Properties of Acids • React with/corrode metals • Can harm body tissue

  14. Chemical Properties of Bases • Can damage living tissue • If inhaled can cause nose to bleed • Feels slippery to the touch because it reacts with proteins in the skin

  15. Salts • Compounds made of a metal and non-metal that is a result of an acid-base reaction • Table Salt (sodium chloride) is made from a reaction of Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide

  16. Foldable • Make a Shutter-Fold • Cut 6 shutters on each side • High-five the first shutter closed • Label that shutter “ACIDS” on the left and “BASES” on the right • Copy down Table 2 on page 141 in your foldable

  17. Physical Change • Any change in shape, size, form, or state where the identity of matter remains the same

  18. Chemical Change • Occurs when one type of matter changes into another kind of matter with new properties • Examples: Photosynthesis, rust, silver tarnishing,

  19. Signs of a chemical change • Light • Heat • Sound • Gas bubbles • Visible gas • Precipitate- a solid that forms as a result of a chemical reaction

  20. Physical Changes Physical weathering Responsible for most of the shape of Earth’s surface Gravity, plants, animals, and earthquakes all contribute to physical weathering Chemical Changes Chemical weathering Formation of stalactites Acid rain Changes in Nature

  21. pH Scale Diagram • Acids have a pH ranging from 0-7 • 7 is neutral • Bases have a pH ranging from 7-14 • Now, make a poster using what you know about the pH scale. Be sure to label acids, bases, and neutral. Give examples of several known pH readings.

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