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From Revolution to Global War

Times Are Changing. From Revolution to Global War. The Industrial Revolution (1 st ). The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain around 1780. Had a supply of capital , wealthy entrepreneurs were looking for new places to invest their money and make a profit.

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From Revolution to Global War

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  1. Times Are Changing FromRevolutiontoGlobal War

  2. The Industrial Revolution (1st) The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain around 1780. Had a supply of capital, wealthy entrepreneurs were looking for new places to invest their money and make a profit. Had a good supply of natural resourcesand good access to world markets. Why Britain?

  3. Timeline of Technology People were making textiles in their homes, these were called cottage industries . New inventions like the spinning jenny and the flying shuttle made textile production faster and factories replaced the home production. The new technology was powered by running water, so textile factories were built next to the rivers.

  4. The Steam Engine Mills no longer had to be located next to a river Mills began to pop up all over England Iron production becomes very important because iron is needed to build steam engines

  5. Moving On With MORE factories, came MORE things to move, in MORE places # of Railroads increased Factories left more opportunities other than farming People moved into cities Bye, Bye Farms Industrialization Spread!

  6. The Industrial Revolution comes to the US in the first half of the 1800’s. • In 1800, 6 out of 7 workers were farmers • By 1860 that number drops to 1 out of 4 • In the same time period U.S.’s population grows from 5 million to 50 million

  7. The U.S.’s larger land area and population Required more railroads & canals In 1830 the U.S. had about 100 miles of RR tracks By 1860 there were 30,000 miles of tracks By 1890 there were 200,000 miles of tracks

  8. 1st vs. 2nd Industrial Revolution 1st Industrial Revolution Textiles, railroads, iron, and coal 2nd Industrial Revolution Steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum

  9. Industrial Expansion Mechanical Reaper – Cyrus McCormick (1830s) harvest crops five times faster Telegraph – Samuel Morse (1837) send signals through copper wire (1st Trans-Atlantic telegraph 1901) Vulcanized Rubber – Charles Goodyear (1839) more durable; wouldn’t melt in summer or freeze in winter Sewing Machine – Elias Howe/I.M. Singer (1846) reduced time to sew garments (especially shoes)

  10. Industrial Expansion Bessemer Process (1850): previously used iron (too soft; breaks and rusts); remove carbon by injecting air into molten iron to make steel Typewriter (1867): Christopher Sholes – increased efficiency in offices Telephone (1876): Alexander Graham Bell – opened worldwide telecommunications Light Bulb (1880): Thomas Edison – incandescent light bulb; harnessing electricity caused factories to boom

  11. Wright Brothers December 17, 1903 – Orville and Wilbur Wright (bicycle shop owners) of Ohio move to Kitty Hawk, NC (due to windy conditions) to test gliders; end up with 1st successful motorized, manned aircraft flight. 1st flight – Orville: 120 ft. 12 seconds 2nd flight – Wilbur: 852 ft. 59 seconds Changed national and international travel forever.

  12. The New Factories Owners wanted machines to run constantly (thanks to light bulbs), so employees forced to workin shifts. Long hours, dangerous and repetitive tasks. Workers fined for being late and dismissed for serious misconduct. Child laborers were often beaten or killed in factory.

  13. Henry Ford 1901 he created Ford Motor Co. He wanted to figure out a way to sell a lot of cars and make them affordable. To increase productivity he became more efficient by: Dividing his labor force (Division of Labor) Use Specialization of Labor (learn a specific task) Led to Mass Production (Assembly Line with interchangeable parts) Human Capital – take care of workers High Wages (Minimum wage in his factory $5 per day) Fringe Benefits

  14. I Love Lucy Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A

  15. Effects Mass Production begins to appear in all factories – They strive to become more efficient using mechanization and technology Government intervention and labor unions develop because of poor working conditions and business monopolies Child Labor outlawed

  16. How do we change?

  17. Reaction to Urban Growth Between 1800-1900, the population of London grew from 960,000 to 6.5 million (just one of many cities) How do you handle this many new people?

  18. Science had proven that disease comes from filth Reformers begged local governments to do something about the horrible conditions Boards were created to improve health and housing conditions Regulations began on buildings, internal plumbing, sewage systems, etc. Now people were able to live and survive close together

  19. Social Structure The New Elite 5% who controlled 40% of the wealth The Middle Classes Lawyers, doctors, businessmen, shop owners, etc. The Working Classes 80% of the population

  20. Leisure is redefined New forms of leisure began to appear: Amusement parks Dance halls Organized team sports Work and leisure were now separated Leisure is considered after work, evenings, and weekends Leisure was more passive Watching sports, riding rides Leisure required money

  21. Public Education Education used to be reserved for the elite, but now pushed for more of the population Reasons for education: -The newer technology needed workers who were educated in order to work them -Schooling promoted patriotism -With more people who could vote, they wanted educated voters -Other countries had very few literate people, providing an advantage

  22. More schools, more teachers Teachers were considered to be the natural role for women More factories needed more workers, women could be paid less, and more vulnerable Government services needed clerks, secretaries, telephone operators, etc.

  23. Women want rights Feminism-the movement for women’s rights Began with the Enlightenment Argued for the right for women to own property and divorce Believed that suffrage, the right to vote, was the key to improve their position

  24. Who has the right? The market began opening up across the globe Imperialism-the extension of a nation’s power over other lands European countries needed more places to sell their products and gain more raw materials to make more

  25. Social Darwinism Taken from Darwin’s idea of natural selection Philosopher Herbert Spencer coins the phrase, “survival of the fittest” -the strong advance while the weak decline

  26. Imperialism leads to Racism Racism-the belief that race determines traits and capabilities -the idea that races are superior or inferior Tensions spread everywhere, creating conflict across the globe

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