1 / 24

Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman

Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman. PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Module 19: Operant Conditioning Karen Huffman, Palomar College. Operant Conditioning: learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences. Operant Conditioning.

xiu
Télécharger la présentation

Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Psychology in Action (8e)byKaren Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Module 19:Operant Conditioning Karen Huffman, Palomar College ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  2. Operant Conditioning: learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences Operant Conditioning ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  3. Thorndike’s Contribution Law of Effect: probability of an action being repeated is strengthened when followed by a pleasant or satisfying consequence Operant Conditioning (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  4. Operant Conditioning (Continued) • B. F. Skinner ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  5. Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles • Reinforcement:strengthening a response ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  6. Primary Reinforcers: normally satisfy an unlearned biological need(e.g., food) Secondary Reinforcers: learnedvalue (e.g., money, praise) Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  7. Positive Reinforcement:adding (or presenting) a stimulus, which strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur (e.g., praise) Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  8. Negative Reinforcement: taking away (or removing) a stimulus, which strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur (e.g., headache removed after taking an aspirin) Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  9. Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  10. Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles: Four Partial Schedules of Reinforcement 1. Fixed Ratio (FR):reinforcement occurs after a predetermined set of responses; the ratio (number or amount) is fixed 2. Variable Ratio (VR):reinforcement occurs unpredictably; the ratio (number or amount) varies ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  11. Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles: Four Partial Schedules (Continued) 3. Fixed Interval (FI):reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed; the interval (time) is fixed 4. Variable Interval (VI):reinforcement occurs unpredictably; the interval (time) varies ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  12. Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles: Four Partial Schedules (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  13. Pause and Reflect: Check & Review • If you want to increase the overall number of responses, which schedule of reinforcement should you choose? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  14. Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles (Continued) • Shaping: reinforcement is delivered after successive approximations of the desired response ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  15. Punishment:weakening a response Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  16. Positive Punishment:adding (or presenting) a stimulus that weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur (e.g., shouting) Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  17. Operant Conditioning’s Basic Principles (Continued) • Negative Punishment: taking away (or removing) a stimulus that weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur (e.g., restriction) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  18. Pause and Reflect: Check & Review • Using the chart on the following slide, can you fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  19. ??? ??? ??? ??? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  20. Judging by this woman’s expression, is she experiencing increased aggression, passive aggressiveness, avoidance behavior, modeling, temporary suppression, or learned helplessness? Side Effects of Punishment ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  21. Pause and Reflect: Check & Review • Briefly explain how classical conditioning differs from operant conditioning. • Give a personal example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  22. Using Conditioning and Learning Principles • Operant Conditioningcan be seen in: • Prejudice • Biofeedback • Superstitions ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  23. Pause and Reflect: Critical Thinking • Has reading Chapter 6, or viewing these Power Point slides, changed your beliefs or attitudes about using punishment to control behavior? Why or why not? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

  24. Psychology in Action (8e)byKaren Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation End of Module 19: Operant Conditioning Karen Huffman, Palomar College ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

More Related