8 th Grade Lesson 4B

1. 8th Grade Lesson 4B STDs: What Teens Need To Know

2. Teens & Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases . . . • STDs are infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or protozoa and are spread by sexual activity. • A viruscauses an infection that usually cannot be cured. Medicines can slow down the multiplication of the virus but do not kill them. • Bacteria and protozoacause infections but can usually be killed with antibiotics.

4. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Are You Aware of These FACTS?

5. FACTS About STDs • STDs are one of the most common types of infections in the U.S. today • You can get an STD the first time you have sex • Some STDs have no cure

6. FACTS About STDs • Most infected with an STD don’t know it • Most people get an STD from someone who does not know they are infected

7. FACTS About STDs STDs can cause serious health problems: • Genital sores, blisters, discharge • Pain • Infertility (can’t get pregnant) • Cancer • Death • Emotional problems: stress, anxiety, depression, relationship strain/disruption

8. FACTS About STDs • Teens are at greater risk of getting STDs • It is easier to get HIV if you are already infected with another STD • Many STDs can be transmitted to a baby during pregnancy or birth • STDs cost billions of dollars

9. Sexually Transmitted Diseases . . . • STDs are spread by sexual activity. • What issexual activity? Sexual Activityis any contact with genitals, buttocks, or breasts for the purpose of sexual stimulation.

10. any contact includes… • Vaginal Sex - penis in vagina, usually called sexual intercourse • Oral Sex - oral (mouth) contact with genitals • Anal Sex - a man’s penis placed into the anus • Outercourse- genital-to-genital contact without penetration of the vagina by the penis

11. STDs Can Involve the Entire Male Reproductive System

12. STDs Can Involve the Entire Female Reproductive System

13. Some Common STDs Are . . . Herpes HPV HIV Trichomonas Bacteria Protozoa Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Viruses

14. Chlamydia & Gonorrhea • Most infected don’t know it & can pass it to other sexual partners • In males –infects urethra, can cause pus (yellow drips from penis), burning with urination • In females –infects cervix – could infect uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

15. Are Chlamydia & Gonorrhea Serious Problems? • Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – a severe infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries • PID can lead to: • infertility (can’t get pregnant) • pregnancy in the fallopian tubes • pelvic pain • Easier to get HIV if infected with gonorrhea &/or chlamydia

16. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Normal Infected Uterus Uterus Fallopian Tube Damaged Fallopian Tubes Ovary Cervix Can cause tubal pregnancy or infertility

17. If you don’t have sex, you don’t have to worry about getting chlamydia or gonorrhea!

18. Syphilis • STD caused by a bacteria • Location: • chancre (painless sore) usually on the genital area • rash on the hands/feet and other areas of the body

19. Is Syphilis a Serious Problem? • If not treated, infection can spread to brain, heart, spinal cord, eyes, and other areas • Can be spread to the baby during • pregnancy causing severe brain • and growth abnormalities • Genital sores of syphilis make it • easier to get HIV infection

20. If you don’t have sex, you don’t have to worry about getting syphilis!

21. Trichomonas • STD caused by a protozoa • Location: -vagina and cervix in women -urethra in men and women

22. Trichomonas • Can cause a heavy discharge from the vagina • Usually no symptoms in males • Millions infected each year • Treated with antibiotics

23. If you don’t have sex, you don’t have to worry about getting trichomonas!

24. Genital Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) • Caused by a virus • Can cause painful recurring blisters and sores on the genital area • Most infected don’t even know it • Most people get herpes from someone who has no sores or blisters and don’t even know they are infected • NO CURE: INFECTED FOR LIFE!

25. Is Genital Herpes a Serious Problem? • Can cause recurrent painful genital sores • Frequently causes emotional distress • Can be transmitted to a baby during pregnancy or birth • If exposed to HIV, increased risk for acquiring HIV if you have genital herpes

26. If you don’t have sex, you don’t have to worry about getting genital herpes!

27. Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • STD caused by a virus • Location: skin of genital area • Penis • Scrotum • Anus • Vulva (labia) • Vagina • Cervix

28. Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Can cause genital warts on the vulva, vagina, cervix, penis, scrotum, and anus • Can cause cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, penis, mouth, and throat • Treated by freezing, burning, lasers, chemicals, and surgery

29. How is Genital HPV Spread? • Sexual activity, primarily vaginal & anal intercourse • Can also be spread with outercourse (skin-to-skin contact) • Usually get it from someone who does not have warts and does not know they are infected • Can be spread from the genital area to the mouth/throat through oral sex

30. Is Genital HPV a Serious Problem? • Can cause warts on the genital area and in the mouth/throat • Can lead to precancerous cells especially on the cervix (abnormal Pap smears) • Can cause cancer of cervix, penis, labia (vulva), anus, mouth, and throat

31. Can HPV Be Prevented?Yes!! • Abstinence is 100% effective • Condoms decrease risk of infection • HPV Vaccine

32. If you don’t have sex, you don’t have to worry about getting genital HPV!

33. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) The virus that causes

34. HIV Infection/AIDS • Virus that infects and attacks your immune system, specifically the CD4+ cells, causing AIDS • Location: blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk of those infected

35. HIV Infection the virus is in the body may not know it because feel fine can pass to others during sex AIDS the virus has attacked the immune system can become very sick (infection/cancer) can die HIV vs. AIDS

36. How Does Someone Get HIV Men having sex with men (MSM) High risk heterosexual intercourse (male/female where one of the partners is infected or at high-risk for HIV) Shared needles with infected drug user NOTE: HIV infection from blood transfusions has essentially been eliminated with thorough testing of donated blood. Transmission from HIV infected mother to newborn dramatically reduced with treatment during pregnancy.

37. Is HIV/AIDS a Serious Problem? Worldwide Statistics - 2009 2.6 million newly infected 33.3 million living with HIV 1.8 million deaths As of 2009, nearly 30 million have died

38. Is HIV/AIDS a Serious Problem? United States Statistics - 2009 34,247 new cases of AIDS in 2009 479,868 persons living with AIDS in 2008 As of 2008, over 594,496 have died of AIDS

39. Treatment of HIV/AIDS • Medications can slow down the virus, but currently cannot eliminate it from the body • There is no vaccine for HIV/AIDS • HIV/AIDS patients must take their medications exactly as directed, for life • These medications have many side effects

40. Can HIV Be Prevented?Yes!! • Do not use IV drugs • Condoms used correctly, every time have been shown to reduce your chance of getting HIV by about 80 - 85% Abstinence from IV drugs and sexual activity is 100% effective

41. If you don’t have sex or use IV drugs, you don’t have to worry about getting HIV!

42. Facts To Remember About STDs • STDs can cause serious health problems (sores, warts, pain, infertility, cancer, and even death). • A person can have an STD, not know it, but pass it on to someone during sex. • You can get an STD the 1st time you have sex. • If you have had sex, you need to see a healthcare professional.

43. How can STDs be Prevented? • Abstinence – not having sex, is 100% effective if used consistently & correctly • Condoms – reduce the risk of getting an STD if used consistently & correctly • There are vaccines that prevent infection from the common types of HPV

44. Did You Know? • Most women ovulate (release an egg from the ovary) about once a month and can only get pregnant the few days around ovulation. • But, you can get an STD anyday of the month!

45. Did You Know? • 1 in 6 couples using a condom get pregnant each year. • If condoms can fail in preventing pregnancy, they can fail at preventing STDs. • It’s easier to get an STD than to get pregnant! • Both are prevented by not having sex!

46. Condom Facts You Need To Know Condoms do greatly reduce the risks of pregnancy and HIV but only if used consistently and correctly with every act of intercourse

47. Condom Facts You Need To Know Condoms have a higher pregnancy failure rate than hormonal methods of birth control. **To reduce the risk of a pregnancy, a condom plus another method of birth control is recommended if you are sexually active (ex. the pill, injection, etc).

48. Condom Facts You Need To Know Condoms reduce, but do not eliminate, the risk of STDs including HIV (must have regular check ups for STD screening)

49. If you are having sex, you MUST use a condom, consistently and correctly every time!!!!

50. The Good News • Fewer teenagers today are having sexual intercourse compared to years ago.1 • Teens having babies in the US have decreased greatly over the last 20 years!2 • The number of teens having abortions has also decreased.3