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A H I S T O R I C A L A N A L Y S I S OF T A T H E O R Y

A H I S T O R I C A L A N A L Y S I S OF T A T H E O R Y. Keynote Address by Rosemary Napper and Drª Gloria Noriega at the ITAA Conference, Lima, Peru, 6 August 2009. TA GENERATIONS. E R I C B E R N E. WHAT KIND OF T R A N S A C T I O N A L A N A L Y S T AM I?. ROOTS.

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A H I S T O R I C A L A N A L Y S I S OF T A T H E O R Y

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  1. A HISTORICAL ANALYSISOFTATHEORY

  2. Keynote Address byRosemary Napper andDrª Gloria Noriegaat the ITAA Conference,Lima, Peru,6 August 2009

  3. TA GENERATIONS ERIC BERNE

  4. WHAT KIND OFTRANSACTIONALANALYSTAM I?

  5. ROOTS Sigmund Freud1856-1939

  6. ROOTS

  7. HOW DO WE THINK ABOUT TA? Theories? Schools? Styles? Traditions? Approaches? Lenses? Guru figures? Perspectives? Cultures?

  8. CULTURAL INFLUENCESON & FROM TA Globalism Europe WW2 1990s Existentialism Europe 1980s TA 1950s USA Latin America Australia 1960s Asia Games People Play 1970s Academia Europe

  9. A CULTURAL HEALTH WARNING Your Culture is OK GLOBAL OPEN-MINDED INCLUSIVE XENOPHILIC WE- THEY+ WE+ THEY+ My Culture is Not OK My Culture is OK WE- THEY- WE+ THEY- XENOPHOBIC MISANTHROPIC Your Culture is Not OK

  10. “I’m a cognitive transactional analyst.”The Script, 2007 Fanita English

  11. NEW LIFE FROM OLD ROOTS ERIC BERNE INDEPENDENT RELATIONAL CO-CREATIVE INTEGRATIVE RADICAL PSYCHIATRY CATHEXIS REDECISION CLASSICAL Cognitive & Behavioural CLASSICAL Psychoanalytic

  12. ERIC BERNE1910 - 1970

  13. CLASSICAL Psychoanalytic TA 1st edition, 1947 — published as The Mind in Action 2nd edition, 1957 3rd edition, 1968 — names TA

  14. GROUP & SYSTEMIC TA 1963 1966

  15. TA Psychotherapy develops • Tuesday night seminars, 1958 • TA Bulletin, 1962 • ITAA founded, 1964 1961

  16. CLASSICAL Cognitive & Behavioural TA 1964 1970

  17. And POSTHUMOUS PUBLICATIONS 1972 1974

  18. FERTILE GROUND Egograms Self- Reparenting Drivers & Miniscript Stroke Economy Drama Triangle Racket System Transference Options Redecision Script Matrix OK Corral Cycles ofDevelopment Racket Feelings Discounting 71 72 73 74 75 77 78 78 80 81 82 83 84 CLASSICAL Cognitive & Behavioural TA CLASSICAL Psychoanalytic TA 87

  19. CLASSICAL TA continues in the 1970s • SCRIPT MATRIX Steiner • DRAMA TRIANGLE Karpman • EGOGRAMS Dusay • PERMISSION & PROTECTION Crossman • DRIVERS & MINISCRIPT Kahler • RACKET FEELINGS English • OPTIONS Karpman • STROKE ECONOMY Steiner • OK CORRAL Ernst • RACKET SYSTEM Erskine & Zalcman • SELF RE-PARENTING James • CYCLES OF DEVELOPMENT Levin …with a cognitive and behavioural approach

  20. CLASSICAL TA continues to develop — 1980s onwards • DOORS Ware • PROCESS COMMUNICATION MODEL Kahler • Publication of TA TODAY Stewart & Joines • PARENT EDUCATION Illsley Clark • PERSONALITY ADAPTATIONS Ware, Kahler (and later Joines & Stewart) • FUNCTIONAL FLUENCY Temple

  21. …and spin-offs develop… Constellations 1990s Process Communication 1970s Imago 1980s Taibi Kahler Harville Hendrix Bert Hellinger …with own qualifications beyond and separate to TA

  22. Developing TA in Latin America THE 10 TA INSTRUMENTS Roberto Kertesz

  23. CATHEXIS 1970s • FRAME OF REFERENCE • PASSIVE BEHAVIOURS • DISCOUNT LEVELS • DISCOUNT MATRIX • REDEFINING & BLOCKING TRANSACTIONS • GRANDIOSITY • SYMBIOSIS • RE-PARENTING Jacqui Schiff Aaron Schiff Eric Schiff Ken Mellor

  24. REDECISION 1970s Bob Goulding Mary Goulding • REDECIDE SCRIPT SCENES • IMPASSE • INJUNCTIONS & GESTALT INFLUENCES John McNeel Vann Joines Ken Mellor

  25. RADICAL PSYCHIATRY • STROKE ECONOMY • PIG PARENT • POWER PLAYS • AUTOCRACY • TARGET/ NON TARGET Hogie Wykoff Alan Jacobs Valerie Batts Claude Steiner

  26. And the significance of some key contributions to TA theory are only recognised over time Bill Cornell Petruska Clarkson • Bill Cornell’s paper on scripts • Petruska Clarkson’s wide-ranging work • Pio Scilligo’s writing on ego-states • Leonhard Schlegel’s writing on theory and his contribution to spreading TA in Europe Leonhard Schlegel Pio Scilligo

  27. INTEGRATIVE TA – also a spin-off REBECCA TRAUTMANN Charlotte Christoph-Lemke Landy Gobes Janet Moursund Marye O’Reilly-Knapp • INTEGRATED EGO STATES • INQUIRY, ATTUNEMENT, INVOLVEMENT • RELATIONSHIP-SEEKING MOTIVATION • EMPATHY Richard Erskine

  28. CO-CREATIVE TA Jim & Barbara Allen Graeme Summers Keith Tudor Jo Stuthridge • NARRATIVE / STORYING • CONSTRUCTION OF MEANING • CREATE NEW MEANINGS • INTEGRATING ADULT EGO-STATE • NON-CONSCIOUS • INTER-DEPENDENCE & HOMONOMY

  29. CLASSICAL psychoanalytic TA Carlo Moiso Michele Novellino

  30. CLASSICAL psychoanalytic TA …continues to develop Carlo Moiso Michele Novellino Frances Bonds-White Bill Cornell Gloria Noriega Petruska Clarkson Resi Tosi Susanna Ligabue • TRANSFERENCES • CONTINUAL SCRIPTING PROCESS • SCRIPT PROTOCOL

  31. AND… Helena Hargaden Charlotte Sills

  32. …also develops into RELATIONAL TA Charlotte Sills Helena Hargaden Ray Little Heather Fowlie • TRANSFORMATIVE TRANSFERENCE • 3RD ORDER STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS – THE REAL SELF • EMPATHIC INTERVENTIONS • 2-WAY STREET P0 A0 C1 C0

  33. ‘INDEPENDENT’ TA For example, Bill Cornell combined body therapy and CLASSICAL TA prior to contemporary psycho-analysis informing his TA thinking and writing versus A BIT of (almost) EVERYTHING

  34. TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS OVERVIEW INDEPENDENT RELATIONAL CO-CREATIVE INTEGRATIVE RADICAL PSYCHIATRY CATHEXIS REDECISION CLASSICAL Cognitive & Behavioural BERNE CLASSICAL Psychoanalytic Are there other perspectives?

  35. ERIC BERNE TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS EVOLVES… INDEPENDENT RELATIONAL CO-CREATIVE INTEGRATIVE RADICAL PSYCHIATRY CATHEXIS REDECISION CLASSICAL Cognitive & Behavioural BERNE CLASSICAL Psychoanalytic …and keeps evolving

  36. MORE FERTILE GROUND Parent Ego-state Applications Autocratic Power Social Roles Permission & Ritual Co-creative Theory Parent Education Transgenerational Scripts Unconscious Communication Relational TA Episcript Integration of TA with Psychodynamic Theory 94 04 07 Integrative Psychotherapy Integration of TA with Redecision Theory CBT & Psycho- Dynamic Theory 96 Effectiveness of TA Psychopathology INDEPENDENT RELATIONAL 07 95 98 CO-CREATIVE 97 08 98 INTEGRATIVE 94 03 95 RADICAL REDECISION 02 05 Cognitive & Behavioural Psychoanalytic 06

  37. Integration of TA withPsychodynamic Theory, 1995 Peg Blackstone

  38. Transgenerational Scripts, 2008 Gloria Noriega

  39. Psychotherapy with theParent Ego-State, 1994 Sharon Dashiell Kackman John McNeel

  40. Applied TA inParent Education, 1995 Jean Illsley Clark

  41. Hot Potato Transmission& Episcript, 1997 Fanita English

  42. Permission Ritual Therapy, 2004 Pearl Drego

  43. Integration of TA with Personality Adaptations & Redecision Therapy, 1994 Vann Joines

  44. Autocratic Power, 1996 Alan Jacobs

  45. Integrative Psychotherapy, 1998 Rebecca Trautmann

  46. Psychopathology of Schizophrenia, Alcoholism & Homosexuality, 2005 Graham Barnes

  47. Measuring the Effectiveness of TA, 2006 Theodore Novey

  48. What does each TAapproach mean by… Cure? A Medical Model Or…? CHANGE ? First or second order…? Growth? An Evolutionary Model Acceptance? An Inclusion Model

  49. WHERE IS THE TA INTERVENTION FOCUSSED? Does the field of application make a difference?

  50. Different Orientations of the Four Fields of TA Counselling Psychotherapy Organisational Educational

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