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Spring 2013 UNC Asheville ATMS/LSIC 179 Global Climate Change and China Alex Huang, Atmospheric Sciences

Spring 2013 UNC Asheville ATMS/LSIC 179 Global Climate Change and China Alex Huang, Atmospheric Sciences

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Spring 2013 UNC Asheville ATMS/LSIC 179 Global Climate Change and China Alex Huang, Atmospheric Sciences

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  1. Spring 2013 UNC Asheville ATMS/LSIC 179 Global Climate Change and China Alex Huang, Atmospheric Sciences Students will learn the science of global climate change and its impacts to China. The subjects include geography, climate zones, and historical climate of China. The environmental challenges of China in the modern century will be discussed.

  2. Spring 2013 UNC Asheville • ATMS/LSIC 179 • Global Climate Change and China • Global Climates • Climate Processes • Climate Global Climate Change • Future Global Climates • China • Impacts of Climate Change to China • China’s Strategy to Deal with Climate Change • Challenges

  3. People’s Republic of China (PRC) Republic of China (ROC) http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/cn.htm#.Ud6SDqyd6So

  4. 23 Provinces, 4 Municipalities, 5 Autonomous Regions and 2 Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of PRC. One Time Zone in China; It is UTC + 8 hours; No daylight saving time in summer. http://managingchina.blogspot.com/2009_01_01_archive.html

  5. 4 Municipalities Shanghai, 22 million people (2010) Beijing, 18 million Guangzhou, 11 million Tianjin, 11 million http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

  6. Topography of China Desert Arid/Steppe Plateau Plains High mountains Hills http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:China_100.78713E_35.63718N.jpg

  7. Climates of China http://www.voyagesphotosmanu.com/chinese_climate.html

  8. Climates of United States and China http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/geg101i/regions/easlecture/easlecture.htm

  9. Temperature Changes of the Past 50 Years in China Tendency of mean annual temperature in China from 1951 to 2001. (Ren Guoyu 2004).

  10. Why should China be concerned about climate change? • China is under international pressure for actions • Climate change interrupts agriculture production • Climate change affects people’s lives and properties • Climate change hinders economic growth and political stability

  11. United States: 15 trillion • China: 7.3 trillion http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_gdp-economy-gdp World Total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) listed by United Nation in 2010 14,720 billion 9,872 billion (ranked 2) GDP per capita: 49,000 (ranked 13) GDP per capita: 7,369 (ranked 123) Source: CIA World Factbooks http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=CH http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC/countries/all?display=graph http://www.nationmaster.com/time.php?stat=eco_gdp_percap-economy-gdp-per-capita&country=ch-china

  12. World CO2 Emission in 2009 5,299,563,000 7,687,114,000 Carbon Dioxide Emissions by China: 7.7 billion metric tons (ranked 1st in the world of 31.5 billion metric tons) World CO2 Emission per capitain 2009 17.3 5.8 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC/countries/all?display=graph

  13. Why should China do about climate change? • China has to continue its rapid economic development • China has to maintain political stability • China has to mitigate the impacts of climate change • China has to reduce the dependency of coal • China has to upgrade its infrastructure of industry • China has to defend its international reputation

  14. The Bottom Line is Controlling carbon dioxide emissions withouthindering economic developmentis a major challenge for China and the world (Zeng et al 2008).

  15. China’s Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Chang by the National development and Reform Commission, PRC (2012) • Goals: • To reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP by 16 percent by 2015 from the level in 2011 (2% reduction in 2011). • Cut CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 17 percent by 2015 (40% by 2020) compared to 2005 levels. • Raise the proportion of non-fossil fuels in the overall primary energy mix to 11.4% by 2015 ( 8.6% in 2011).

  16. China’s Policies and Actions Mitigating Climate Change Adapting to Climate Change Promoting Low-Carbon Pilot Projects Strengthening Capacity Building Participation of the Whole Society Proactive Participation in International Negotiations Enhancing International Exchange and Cooperation

  17. 1. Mitigating Climate Change • (I) Adjusting Industrial Structure • Transformation and upgrading of traditional industries • Supporting the development of strategic and newly emerging industries • Vigorously developing the • (hi-tech) service industry • Speeding up the elimination of backward (obsolete) production capacity Residential, 11% Commercial, 4% Transportation, 8% Industrial, 77% http://astrohow.org/energy/energy_breakdown.html Is China a developing or developed country?

  18. Coal Consumption: 3.8 billion short tons (2011) • (ranked 1st in the world) • Oil Consumption: 9.8 million barrels per day (2011) • (ranked 2nd in the world) • Natural Gas Consumption: 3.8 trillion cubic feet (2011) • (ranked 5th in the world) Oil, 19% Hydroelectric, 6% Coal, 70% Natural gas, 4% Nuclear, 1% Other renewables, 0.3% http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=CH • Electricity Net Consumption: 3.3 trillion kilowatthours (2011) • (ranked 2nd in the word) http://www.eia.gov/countries/cab.cfm?fips=CH

  19. (1 quadrillion = 1015) China total energy consumption: 2.5 Billion Metric Tons of Oil Equivalent (2011) (ranked 1st in the world) Non-fossil fuels Coal, 70% http://www.climate-connect.co.uk/Home/?q=node/2170

  20. China energy use per capita: 1,807 kg of oil equivalent per capita per year(2010) (ranked 61st in the world) Why should we take the blame? http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE/countries/1W?display=default http://www.indexmundi.com/map/?v=81000&t=20 http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/03/chart-of-the-day-a-short-history-of-200-years-of-global-energy-use/254909/

  21. Comparisonof Energy Use in China and US China United States Residential, 11% Commercial, 4% Residential, 21% Commercial, 18% Transportation, 8% Industrial, 77% Transportation, 29% Industrial, 32% Data from Energy Information Administration http://astrohow.org/energy/energy_breakdown.html

  22. 6. Proactive Participation in International Negotiations • China’s Basic Positions and Stand on Participation in the • Doha 2012 UN Climate Change Conference • Addressing climate change is based on the principles of fairness and the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and own capacities.” • Developed countries should fulfill their promises to reduce emissions and provide support in terms of funding, technology transfer and capacity building, and ensure that the already-established mechanisms and institutions start substantive work, and play a substantial role in offering support to developing countries in coping with climate change.

  23. The Bottom Line is China recognizes the urgency and importance of the climate change issue and attempts to mitigate the impacts of climate change; however, China is vast and the overhaul of infrastructure is a demanding challenge.

  24. Predictions of future atmospheric composition A2: high but uneven economic growth Feeding emission scenarios into a carbon-cycle model to estimate CO2 concentration A1: high but even economic growth/efficient technologies B2: slow but uneven economic growth B1: slow but even economic growth Fig. 8.4 Atmospheric abundances of carbon dioxide for the four emissions families. CO2 is responsible for 80% of the radiative forcing caused by the increase of greenhouse gases.

  25. New Supercritical and Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Plants Installed Annually, by Capacity CHINA USA

  26. World, US, China Energy Consumption, 1990-2020 http://www.china.usc.edu/

  27. Projected World Energy Mix in 2035 Nuclear, 7% Other renewables, 14% Oil, 19% Natural gas, 24% Coal, 27% http://money.cnn.com/2011/09/19/markets/global_energy_use/index.htm

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