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Unit 4

Unit 4. Early Modern Asia. Main Ideas . Advances under the Ming and Qing dynasties left China uninterested in European contact. The Tokugawa regime unified Japan and began 250 years of isolation, autocracy, and economic growth Both cultures remain isolated for centuries.

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Unit 4

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  1. Unit 4 Early Modern Asia

  2. Main Ideas • Advances under the Ming and Qing dynasties left China uninterested in European contact. • The Tokugawa regime unified Japan and began 250 years of isolation, autocracy, and economic growth • Both cultures remain isolated for centuries

  3. The Ming Dynasty - China • Powerful dynasty (1350-1650) • Hongwu - drove Mongols out • Agriculture improved, restored Confucian traditions (respect), voyages of exploration through Asia; many nations paid tribute • Son Yonglo continues growth • Trade restricted by govt. but smuggling abounded • Chinese goods in demand so commerce & trade flourished

  4. China • European Christian missionaries brought Christianity and knowledge of science and technology to China • Otherwise, China was essentially isolated • Ming declined and was eventually taken over by Qing Dynasty

  5. Hongwu

  6. Voyages of Zheng He • Muslim admiral who led 7 voyages • Huge ships, fleets, traveled vast distances • Distributed gifts (gold, silver, silk) to show China’s superiority • Many sent tributes • After voyages, however, China withdrew into isolation • Some thought voyages wasted resources Zheng He

  7. Zheng He’s ship compared to Columbus’s Ship, Santa Maria

  8. Qing Dynasty (“Ching”) • Formed by Manchus who invaded Ming dynasty • Expanded China’s borders • Kangxi(“Kang She”) restored order, prosperity, upheld Confucian beliefs, secured borders, reduced govt. expenses, lowered taxes, scholar and patron of the arts, open to ideas about medicine, science, math • Continues Chinese isolation & had trade restrictions/rules • Dutch complied – kowtow (bow and touch head to ground 9 times) • Brought porcelain, silk and a new product, tea

  9. Life in Ming & Qing Dynasties • Agriculture improved, irrigation/fertilizer • New products in addition to rice: corn, sweet potatoes • Food increased, health improved, population grew, families grew • Sons favored over daughters; females not valued; female infants killed • But women had many responsibilities • Progress in art, pottery (porcelain – high quality ceramic), music, drama

  10. Japan • Japan had been under a feudal system (led by Shoguns) • Civil wars – powerful samurai warriors seized feudal estates • Daimyo – chieftains became lords • System was similar to European feudalism (hierarchy) • Oda Nobunaga – powerful daimyo, ruled by force, sought to eliminate enemies • Unable to unify Japan, committed seppuku (ritual suicide) • Later Tokugawa Ieyasuunites Japan • Moved capital from Kyoto to Edo (later Tokyo) • Restored centralized government to Japan • Tokugawa Shogunate holds power until 1867

  11. Oda Nobunaga

  12. Life in Tokugawa Japan • 250 years of stability, prosperity, isolation • Peasants still suffered due to heavy taxes • Very structured society (Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, peasants, etc.) • Becomes more urban over time – literature, drama, art • Haiku poetry (5-7-5 syllable, 3 line) • Kabuki theater

  13. Japan cont. • Portugal and others had traded with Japan • Clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, firearms • Guns forever changed warfare and the samurai (swords) • Christian missionaries • Japanese tired of efforts to convert, too much interference by Europeans • Christians began to be persecuted/killed • Closed country policy – commercial contacts with Europe ended (except Dutch) • 200 years – Japan remains closed (approx 1600 – 1800)

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