MATERIAL AND METHODS

1. 10th NATIONAL CONGRESS OF S.I.R.A.1st Balkan Conference on the Biology of Reproduction in Farm Animals and in Aquaculture Tirana, Albania, May 23 – 25, 2012 Nexhat MAZREKU VangjelCERONI Emilian SHABANI THE AMOUNT OF METABOLIC ENGERGY IN THE FOOD RATIO AND LAMINITI OF THE COW INTRODUCTION Laminit in cattles is an aseptic inflammation of the lamelar corium in the walls of the hooves, which is spread in the surface of the subsoil (6). Laminit accompained with hitching presents the most common and costly syndrome for cows in farms that breed animals with high volume of milk productivity and a high number of heads (3,4,5). The root causes of laminit are different factors connected even to the way of the animals being fed. Excess carbohydrades in foor portions, or slightly fermended, are commonly a cause for finding the acidose which in time is the cause of birth of lamint in cows (5,1,6). The studys aim is to clarify the linkof cause between the structure of the food ratio and lamint in cows. Abstract The impactof the structureof the foodratio in cowsfor the appearanceoflaminiti, has beenstudied in twogroupsofexperimentcowswith a stallor breedingregime(1,5,8). There were taken intoconsiderationfactorssuch as: indicatorsof the compositionof the foodratio, reportsof the slightfermentedfibers (NDF) and the complexfermentedfibers (CF) against the dry matter (DM) andreportsoffermentedenergy (FME) against the total ofenergy in the ration (ME). The evaluationof the metabolicstatewas done with the selectionfor the groupanimalsandindividualswithlaminit, basedon the levelofglucoseandalcalicreserve in serum. In the groupofcowsthatwerefedwithportionswhere the ratioofmetabolicenergyagainst the total energywas 87-89 % and the contentofceluloseless than 23 – 26 % against dry matter, the presenceoflaminitwasdetected in 32.1 % of the cows. In the cows in the groupwhere the ratioofmetabolicenergyagainst the total energywas 73 – 77 % andcelulose in the foodportionwas 29-33 %, the laminitwasdetected in 19.2% of the cows. In the cowsthatsufferedclinicalyfrom the laminitsyndrome, glucosewasavarage 1,85 ± 0,04 mMol/liter. The levelofalcalicreserve in mg% NaOHconsumed in the titrationwaswithin the averagevalues (244,6 ± 8,84 mg%). Glicemiashowedstrongcorrelativerelationship (r = - 0,686) andstatisticallyproven (P > 0,999) whenappearanceoflaminit. The variationsof the levelofalcalicreservedid not showanyimpact in the presenceoflaminit in the cows. For experimets, two groups of cows that were treated with different portions of food that contained different amount of complex fermented fibers and metabolic energy, were used. In continuality, the levels of metabolic indicators for the level of glucose and alcalic reserve were monitored, to show the level of acidose not only that of rumen (2). Blood samples were analyzed every month during the whole period of the experiment. The level of glucose in blood was determined using the fast method, while the determining of alcalic reserve was done with the amount of NaOH spent for titration. For the groups of cows in the experiment, the presence of lamint was evidenced clinically. The results were processed statistically. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was done between June 2010 and June 2011, in a cow farm for the production of milk, where a yearthrough type of food is applied. From the study it was put, the impact of energetic composition and the report against the level of complex fermented fibers against the total of dry patter that cause the appearance of lamint in cows. The structure of the food portion (ratio) was processed with tabelar values fromMcDonald P. e bp. (1995)and the amountof Dry Matter (DM), amountofslightfermentedfibers (NDF), amountofcomplexfermentedfibers (CF), total metabolicenergy (ME) andmetabolicenergy (FME) was set. RESULTS Metabolic indicators of food ration, according to groups of cows The food portion (ratio) used in the groups of cows, for the first group showed 76.76 MJ (the ratio between slight fermented energy (FME) against total energy (ME) 84.59%) and for the second group 48.96 MJ (68.60%). Contents of celulose (CF) in ratio with the dry matter was 24.41% in the first group and 35.99% in the second group, while the content of slight fermented fibers (NDF) was 45.12% in the first group and 37.73% in the second group. From the metabolic indicators it was observed that the cows in the first group a lower level of glicemia was detected during the whole time of the experiment. In the level of alcalic reserve there werent much differences between the groups and also in comparesment with the average there were no big differences (1,2). The outcome data is statistically proven. The average level of glucose in cows of the experiment groups, each month In the end of the period of the experiment we concluded clinically the hitching syndrome in 14 heads or 25.92%. From the cows with the hitching syndrome, 9 heads (32.1%) were from the first group and 5 heads (19.2%) were from the second. The biggest number of heads with laminit was observed in the 4th and 5th month, after the begining of the experiment. The statistical processing of the data showed that there is a strong correlation of a negative caracter (r = - 0.868) between the level of glicemia in cows and the number of cows with laminit. Strong correlative connection of that of the negative caracter (r = - 0.698) was also between the contents of celulose in food portion and number of cows with laminit, also between the level of metabolic energy in portion (ratio) and number of cows with laminit. The connection was also strong (r = 0.753) but of positive carater. Cow with lameness syndrome, according to months and experiment groups The conjuction between glicemisie level and number of cows with laminit expressed in linear regresit schedule. (r = - 0.686 ) Cow with lameness syndrome by groups and months of the experiment. The appearance of laminit in cows is a slow process that is closely connected to the ingredients and structure of the food portion (ratio)(1,5,7,8). The low level of celulose, under 25% and hight level of metabolic energy, over 75%, in the foor portion (ratio) are cause for the birth of the laminit syndrome in cows, since these create the conditions for the presence of rumen acidose. The appearance of rumen acidose affects the microbic review of rumens flora, bringing a more active development of the microflora (S. bovis and Lactobacilus) and the intensification of lactic fermentation (1). In conditions of consuming the food portion with high energetic level for a longer time, the occurrence of lamint in cows goes up to 32.1 %. The conjuction between metabolised energy level in order and number of cows with laminit expressed in linear regresit schedule. r = 0.753 • LITERATURE • Brown MS. Evaluation model ofacuteandsubacuteacidosis. J. ofanimalscience 78:3155-3168(2000); • 2.Ceroni V. Ketoza në lopët e qumështit (Monografia) (2005); • 3.Clakson ML. Incidenceandprevalenceoflameness in dairycow (1996); • 4.Guard C. Laminitis in dairycow. Bovineprocedings. Nr. 28; 71-74. Vet. Rec. 138 (23):563-567 (1995); • 5.Manson FJ. The influence ofconcentrateamountonlocomotionandclinicallameness in dairycows. Animalproduction 47:185-190 (1988); • 6.Mortensen. Bovinelaminitis, clinicalandpathological. Inter. symp. Ondisorderofruminantdigit 210-226 (1994); • 7.McDonald P. Animalnutrition (1995); 8.Nocek JE. Bovineacidosis, implication in laminitis (1996). CONCLUSIONS 1. Structure used food ration to cows milk plays an important role in the emergence of laminitis. 2. Farms that use foods with low levels of cellulose (under 25 %) and high levels (over 85 %) of carbohydrate which are easily fermentable expressed in energy metabolised have laminitis high incidence in cows. 3. Farms that use portions of food with levels 35 % cellulose and 68 % carbohydrate easily fermentable expressed with energy metabolise have laminitis low incidence in cows.