ART ELEMENTS and ART PRINCIPLES

1. ART ELEMENTS and ART PRINCIPLES

2. In order to understand and appreciate art, you must understand it’s language So, if Art is a language, what is its grammar or structure? We’ll find the answer in the Elements and Principles of Design

3. The Elements and Principles of Design The Elements of Design are: Line, Shape, Form, Space, Value,Texture and Color These are considered to be the “grammar” of art The Principles of Design are: Unity, Variety, Balance, Contrast, Emphasis, Pattern, Proportion, Movement and Rhythm These are like the “rules of grammar”; they form the guidelines that artists follow when they combine the various elements of design As you study visual art, and the world around you, you will notice that these Elements and Principles never appear by themselves.

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5. ??? Questions to Consider ??? Part I.: *What are the five major kinds of LINES ? *What are the two basic categories of SHAPE ?FORM? *How do SHAPE and FORM differ? *What are COLOR FAMILIES or GROUPS? *What are the three properties of COLOR? *What are the two kinds of TEXTURE? *What is VALUE? *How do artists show SPACE in their artworks?

6. Line Everywhere you look, you see lines. In nature you can see lines in tree branches: In a curving river: Or in a spiders web

7. The manufactured world provides examples too Lines formed by wires: Edges of buildings: And winding roads

8. Line Line is a point set into motion….a dot moving through space. There are five basic kinds of lines.These include: Horizontal= Vertical = Diagonal = Zigzag = Curved =

9. As you have seen, lines can have many qualities: They can be: curved or straight Vertical horizontal diagonal Thick or thin smooth or rough Light or dark and continuous or broken In artworks, straight lines generally suggest directness or clarity while curving lines imply gentleness or movement. Vertical lines can give an artwork strength while horizontal lines convey calmness and tranquility. Diagonal lines convey action and energy—think of a lightening bolt or a falling tree. Very thick lines appear strong while a thin line appears weak or delicate. Fuzzy lines imply softness while smooth lines imply harder surfaces. Repeated lines can create patterns, textures and even rhythms.

10. Lines can also be implied or real. A real line is one you can actually see (Ex. A) while an implied line is the suggestion of a line (Ex. B) An implied line may also be suggested by a string of objects (Ex. C) (A) (B) (C)

11. Shape Shape is the areaset off by one or more of the art elements. Shapes can be classified into two classes: *Geometric shapes = precise shapes such as the circle , triangle , rectangle, oval, and square. *Organic shapes = these shapes are not regular or even…and are Often found in nature.

12. More fact on ….Shape • Shape is a 2-dimensional object (it is flat) • It has height and width but no depth • Geometric shapes --are regular meaning can be measured. Organic shapes are irregular---seashells, leaves, flowers, etc.

13. In Georgia O’Keeffe’s and Piet Mondrian’s works we can See the two basic kinds of shapes.

14. Form Form is an object with three dimensions. In drawing, it is creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. width depth Two-dimensional Three-dimensional Height

15. Form A form is 3-Dimensional. It has height, width AND depth. As with shapes, Forms can be regular and precise or irregular and organic. 3-D art, such as sculptures, architecture and crafts, is composed of forms. In 2-D art, artists can only create the illusion of form.

16. We can see in the following works how the artists relate FORM: Michelangelo Cassatt Dali vanGogh Dali

17. Color

18. Color Color Color is everywhere. In our clothes, the sky, trees, flowers, billboards designed to attract our attention, on the web and on television. There are literally thousands of colors; from bright to dull (intensity) and light to dark (value). Colors are powerful; they can make objects seem to glow, to come forward and recede, or to appear bigger or smaller. Colors can also be symbolic, with meanings that change from culture to culture. A color can symbolize an object or thing such as blue for water and green for grass and the leaves of trees or it may symbolize an emotion or idea, such as red for love, yellow for fear and blue for sadness. A trained artist is familiar with all of these options and can select and combine colors to create a desired impression or to evoke a certain mood.

19. Color Color is a property of light. When we say an object is red, we mean that its surface absorbs certain wavelengths of light that we call red, we identify the object as red in color. If all wavelengths of light are absorbed, we identify the color as black, if all wavelengths of color are reflected, we see white. Color has 3 characteristics: hue, value and intensity. Hue is actually the color we see—such as red. Value refers to the lightness and darkness of a hue. For example, maroon is a dark value (shade) of red and pink is a light value (tint) of red. Intensity is the brightness or dullness of a color.

20. Color P Red, Yellow and Blue are called Primary colors (P)and are used to create the rest of the colors on the color wheel. When you mix two primary colors together, you get a Secondary color (S). These colors are Orange (yellow and red), Green (blue and yellow) and violet (red and blue) And when you mix a primary and a secondary color together you get an Intermediatecolor (I). These are yellow-green, yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet and blue-green S I I S I I I I P P S

21. Artists’ Use of Primary Color Auguste Renoir Edward Hopper Piet Mondrian

22. SecondaryColors Secondary Colors are colors created by mixing equalamounts primary of twocolors. P+P=S For example: Red+Yellow =Orange Yellow + Blue=Green Blue +Red =Violet

23. Artists Use of Secondary Color Auguste Renoir Vincent van Gogh

24. Color Schemes When two colors are located directly across from each other on the wheel, they are referred to as complementary colors. Artists often pair complementary colors together because the area where they meet seems to vibrate. You can also lessen the intensity of a color by adding a small amount of its complementary color. What pair of complimentary colors did this artist use in this picture?

25. Color Schemes An analogous color scheme is made up of three or four colors that are adjacent on the color wheel. What set of analogous colors are used in this example?

26. Color Temperatures Have you ever noticed that colors seem to have different temperatures? Reds, Oranges and Yellows are warm colors. They remind us of the sun or fire and can add a feeling of excitement, boldness or happiness to a work of art. Warm colors make objects seem larger and appear to advance in an artwork. Greens, Blues, and Violets are cool colors. They remind us of lakes, distant mountains, sky and foliage. Cool colors tend to be calm and restful. They recede into the distance and make objects seem smaller.

27. Warm Colors Warm Colors are in one of the two groups of which colors are often divided. The three main warm colors are: RedOrangeYellow Warm colors suggest energy, action, and normally optically advance!

28. Artists Use of Warm Colors Cezanne Rothko Munch Van Gogh

29. Cool Colors Cool Colors are in one of the two groups of which colors are often divided. The three main cool colors are: Blue GreenViolet Cool colors suggest calmness and peacefulness. Optically, they tend to recede.

30. Artists Use of Cool Colors Georges Seurat Henri Matisse Mary Cassatt Claude Monet Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh

31. Analogous Colors Analogous Colors are colors neighboring on the color wheel having a common “hue”. Examples would be: Red Red Violet Violet Red Violet Violet Blue Blue Violet Blue Blue Green Green Blue Green Green yellow Yellow Green Yellow Yellow Orange Orange Yellow Orange Orange Red Red Orange

32. Color Shades The SHADE of a color is changed by adding Black.

33. Color Tints Color Tints are changed by adding white. The exception to this would be by watercolorists -who add water!

34. Color Schemes A monochromatic color scheme makes use of only one hue and its tints and shades. This scheme can produce appealing pictures as you can see below. Neutrals - brown, black, white, gray. Lacks the feeling of warm or cool as seen in other color schemes.

35. Color Schemes Neutrals - brown, black, white, gray. Lacks the feeling of warm or cool as seen in other color schemes.

36. Can you tell the color schemes used by Vincent Van Gogh? Self portrait Cypresses Sunflowers

37. Texture Texture is how something feels or looks like it feels.We experience texture thru our senses of sight and touch There are2 basic kinds of Textures. These are: REAL: *Natural or actual… Is what you experience when you actually touch an object. Porcupines would be sharp..feathers could be soft. IMPLIED : *Simulated = Man made to look like it has a texture.

38. Value A value scale, such as this one, can show the full range of a color. This is accomplished by adding black to a color to make shades or adding white to a color to make tints. Value refers to the lightness and darkness of a color. Value is commonly known as “shading” of an object. Monochromatic = Value TINTS ORIGINAL COLOR SHADES Accomplished artists know, that to make a drawing look as real as possible, they must show a full value range in their artwork

39. Space Space is the distance or area between, around, below, and within things. *There are two basic kinds of Space : positive and negative. Positive space is the object itself; Negative space is the area in and around the object. negative positive negative

40. Art ElementsSPACE • Background: The part that looks farthest from the viewer. • Middleground: The part that appears midway between background and foreground. • Foreground: The part that looks closest to the viewer. • Horizon Line: The point in a landscape where the sky meets the ground. Horizon Line Background Middleground Foreground Can you point out the background, foreground, and middleground?

41. Space…………………… Artists use various technique to give the illusion of DEPTH in their works of art. Some of these include : 1.= Overlapping 2.= Size 3.= Focus 4.= Placement 5.= Intensity and Value 6.= Linear Perspective Lets take a look at some of these……………..

42. Space……………. Intensity and Value: Artists often used colors lower in intensity and lighter in value for objects in the distance. In this artwork by Monet, we can see how the color becomes less Intense and lighter in value.

43. As you can see in this example of linear perspective, in which parallel lines recede toward a common vanishing point, the illusion of 3-D space is created on a 2-D surface. Objects farther away are higher up on the picture plane, there is overlapping of buildings and less detail as the image seems farther away from the viewer. Objects farther away are placed higher on thepictureplane and are less detailed e Buildings are overlapped to create an illusion of space

44. Let’s practice looking!What elements do you see used in this geranium?

45. If you said: Color ( Complementary -red and green) Shape (Organic Shapes the outlines of flowers and leaves) Line (the stems, the veins of the leaves) and Texture(Real Natural -smooth petals and furry leaves) You were CORRECT!

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47. Part II. ??? Questions to Consider ??? What are PRINCIPLES OF ART? *What does using EMPHASIS enable the artist to do? *What is PATTERN / REPETITION and what two ways do artists use it in their artworks? *What are the three basic kinds ofBALANCE? *What is CONTRASTand how do artists use this in their works of art? *What isRHYTHM and how is it similar to Repetition? *Why is PROPORTIONin an artwork important? *How is MOVEMENT like a tour guide?

48. The Principles of Art are basically rules or guidelines that govern the way in which the Art Elements go together. These include: *EMPHASIS *PATTERN *BALANCE *CONTRAST *REPETITION *RHYTHM *PROPORTION *MOVEMENT Lets take a look at these individually…………….

49. Emphasis EMPHASIS is used by an artist to make an element or object stand out in a work of art. EMPHASIS is used by the artist to control What part of the artwork the viewer sees most or most often. EMPHASISis also used by the artist to control how long a viewer spends looking at each of the different parts.

50. Emphasis Artists use emphasis to create a center of interest—the part of the work they want the viewer to notice first. Sometimes an artist chooses to emphasize a single element of design to create a center of interest. And sometimes the artist separates the center of interest from its surroundings, makes it the largest object or places it in the center of the composition. In any work of art, many elements and principles work together, but almost every successful work emphasizes something. What is the artist trying to get us to notice first in this work of art?