Preview Focusing on the Issue The United Kingdom and South Africa Exploring the Issue Democracy in the UK Democracy in S

2. Preview Focusing on the Issue The United Kingdom and South Africa Exploring the Issue Democracy in the UK Democracy in South Africa Investigating the Issue Document 1 Case Study 1

3. Preview, continued Investigating the Issue Document 2 Investigating the Issue Document 3 Investigating the Issue Document 4 Case Study 1

4. Case Study 1 Civic Participation The United Kingdom and South Africa • Focusing on the Issue • What challenges do old and new democracies face in promoting civic participation?

5. 2005 survey, “Voice of the People” Two-thirds of respondents in 68 countries generally satisfied with democracy; only one-third said their own countries ruled by will of the people Citizens respect idea, but don’t feel it is a reality Participation in democratic institutions has declined, with lower voter turnout Range of political activities used to influence government Contacting elected officials, staging protests, building coalitions to have louder voice Fair elections, honest government, a lively opposition, and free speech keep citizens engaged The United Kingdom and South Africa

6. Participation extends beyond politics NGOs have strong role in many issues Crucial support from local charities and other volunteer organizations Two democratic countries United Kingdom—a century of democracy South Africa began democratic rule in 1994; first-ever multiethnic elections held Both countries undergoing political changes The United Kingdom and South Africa

7. South Africa United Kingdom • Young democracy • High voter turnout at first • Dropped off with succeeding elections • Struggling to create trustworthy institutions • Informal organizations route to participation • Stable Society • Respect for long-established laws and democratic institutions • Healthy culture of civic volunteerism • Recent years declining level of voter turnout Exploring the Issue

8. Democracy in the UK • Traditions • 700 years of parliamentary traditions • Slow to change politically • Twentieth century full voting rights extended to all adult citizens • Labour Government • 1997 Labour government began reform of democratic institutions • Efforts a response to declining voter participation • Turnout freefall triggered national debate about public’s loss of interest • Devolution • Key reform—devolution—redistribution of power from central government to local governments • Wales and Scotland gained authority in the 1990s • Major areas of power remain in the hands of the central government

9. Democracy in South Africa • Optimistic • 2005 survey showed South Africans topping the charts for optimism • High voter turnout for Mandela in 1994; less impressive for later elections • Ruling African National Congress main beneficiary of voter participation • African National Congress • ANC majorities rise with each of the three national elections • Voters reward the party for role in anti-apartheid struggle • With no opposition party, ANC troubled by corruption and inefficiency • Civic Commitment • Soaring membership in informal institutions, such as anti-crime and women’s organizations and trade unions • Offer flexible, creative options for solving problems in society

10. Investigating the Issue Document 1 Democracy in the United Kingdom and South Africa presents strong comparisons and contrasts. Source: http://www.election.demon.co.uk

11. Investigating the Issue Document 1 Source: http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/may/piomboMay04.asp Describe the changes in voter turnout—compare and contrast results

12. Analyzing Document 1 Describe the changes in voter turnout in the two countries during the time period shown here. Compare and contrast the two countries’ turnout results. Which country experienced the sharpest decline?

13. Investigating the Issue Document 2 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL ELECTIONS, 1994-2004 2004 1994 1997 African National Congress National Party Inkatha Freedom Party Election Results by province

14. Analyzing Document 2 What political change does this series of maps show? What are some possible consequences of this change?

15. Investigating the Issue Document 3 • Government Study • 2006, British government released results; published in March 4 issue of The Economist • Real problem not with political system; changes in society are real cause • Group One • Relatively well-educated, well-informed young individuals • Expect to make own decisions and buy what they want when they want • Free of geographic, institutional, or social bonds • Group Two • Casualties of de-industrialization who suffer from persistent poverty and social exclusion • Feel bullied and let down by the institutions they rely on • Constitutional Reform • One group cynical about political leaders, wanting voting to be like shopping; other not part of system • Will constitutional reform make a difference to these groups? • Still worth doing, but to what end

16. Analyzing Document 3 What two groups does the report describe?

17. Investigating the Issue Document 4 • Decline in Voter Turnout • Reasons debated; one writer hopeful the trend signals normalizing of politics in South Africa • Major worries of potential apathy rather than electoral violence • Politics becoming routine, signaling institutionalization of democracy • Concerns • Areas need to be monitored • Democracy is stable and performing • Avoiding the pitfalls of permanent party dominance, slow erosion of democratic freedoms • Will be celebrating the second ten years of democracy

18. Analyzing Document 4 Why does this writer think dropping voter turnout signals a “normalizing” of South African politics? What does she believe needs to be monitored if democracy in South Africa is to grow stronger?