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First President of U.S. Won unanimously in 1788 (69 Electoral Votes) and 1792 (132 votes).

George Washington (1732-1799) election of 1788/1792. First President of U.S. Won unanimously in 1788 (69 Electoral Votes) and 1792 (132 votes). Only president to get all electoral votes No Designated Party “Reluctant President”

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First President of U.S. Won unanimously in 1788 (69 Electoral Votes) and 1792 (132 votes).

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  1. George Washington (1732-1799)election of 1788/1792 • First President of U.S. • Won unanimously in 1788 (69 Electoral Votes) and 1792 (132 votes). • Only president to get all electoral votes • No Designated Party • “Reluctant President” • Only 10 states participated in the 1788 election, N.Y. chose no electors, N.C. and R. I. hadn’t ratified the Constitution.

  2. George Washington (1732-1799)election of 1788/1792 • Issues include: • Starting a new country • French Revolution

  3. George Washington (1732-1799)election of 1788/1792 • As President: Starting a new country • Hamilton had plans to establish a national credit and build a financially powerful nation – basis of Federalist Party. Jefferson is opposed to Hamilton – Jeffersonian Republicans. • Washington held regular cabinet meetings to debate issues before making a final decision. • Promoted neutrality for the country, until it grew stronger.

  4. George Washington (1732-1799)election of 1788/1792 • As President: French Revolution • Refused to accept recommendations from Secretary of State: Jefferson (pro-French) or Secretary of Treasury: Hamilton (pro-British). • Insisted on neutral course until the U.S. was stronger.

  5. George Washington (1732-1799)election of 1788/1792 • Set many precedents and customs of the presidency, such as serving max. of two terms • Two parties were developing by the end of Washington’s second term. • In his farewell speech, Washington warned against excessive party spirit, geographical distinctions, and long term alliances.

  6. Bibliography • www.u-s-history.com/pages/h378.html • www.u-s-history.com/pages/h381.html • www.archontology.org/nations/us/us2/washington.php • www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/gwl.html • www.wikipedia.org

  7. John Adams (1735-1826)election of 1796 • V.P. under G. Washington • Election in 1796 as Federalist • Strong central w/ weak states rights • “loose interpretationalist” • More electable than Hamilton • Main support from New England • Defeats T. Jefferson (Dem-Rep) by 3 e.v. (& Pinckney & Burr)

  8. John Adams (1735-1826)election of 1796 • Issues include: • Federalist handling of Whiskey rebellion and.. • Jay’s Treaty (too British-sympathetic) • As President: • XYZ Affair creates undeclared war w/ French ’97 (“Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute”) • “Quasi-War” required taxes --- John Fries revolt in Penn. • Convention of 1800 leads to peaceful resolution w/ French and later the Louisiana Purchase • And….

  9. John Adams (1735-1826)election of 1796 • As President: • Alien and Sedition Acts target Dem-Reps and their supporters • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions create “nullification talk”

  10. John Adams (1735-1826): election of 1796 • Politics moves towards two declared parties • Elections about personalities and • ……..on sectional interests • Adams avoided “entangling alliances” • U.S. beginning to form “an identity”, but… • Federalists mimic British culture (furniture/literature/art/etc) • America must choose Feds or Dem-Reps in 1800!

  11. Jefferson (dem-rep) vs. Adams (fed) Democratic-republicans: Strict interpreters States’ rightists Feared monarchy/dictatorship Federalists: Loose interpreters Valued strong central gov’t Feared anarchy Thomas Jefferson elected 162 electoral votes compared to 14 for his Federal opponent Federalists too radical for public, campaigns fizzled out, 1800 and 1804

  12. Jefferson Somewhat passive, weak voice Writer Appealed to middle class (farmers, artisans, etc.) Liberal Sympathized with downtrodden Favored agriculture Advocated “rule of the people” Minimal military French influence Adams Aggressive Strong speaker Appealed to upper class (North) Traditional Focused on National Bank Advocated “rule of best people” Strong military British influence The Men

  13. Federalists angry with President John Adams Didn’t allow war with France against Napoleon Resulted in increased taxes and higher public debt Loyal Federalists bash Jefferson Rumors of atheism: believed in separation of church and state Thief Adulterer Jefferson elected Southern states had more votes (slaves counted as 3/5) Aaron Burr helped swing important NY votes from Adams Jefferson and Burr tie, broken by House of Representatives (picked “lesser of two evils”) John Adams is last Federalist President of the USA The Election

  14. What’s going on00-04 • USA adjusts to new Constitution • US Expansion: Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark expedition 1804-1806 • World: Napoleon invades parts of Europe, Africa, and the Americas • Hated Embargo Act of 1807

  15. Elections 1808 and 1812 Election of 1812 -James Madison (Dem. Rep.) -Dewitt Clinton (Federalist) -Madison wartime president -Dewitt a Dem. Rep. chosen by Federalists as best chance to beat the Dem. Rep.’s out of office. (He is also the Nephew of Madison’s late V.P.) Election of 1808 -James Madison (Dem. Rep.) -Charles Pinckney (Federalist) -Madison former Sec. of State and a friend of Jefferson’s. (Virginian) -Pinckney ran against T-Jeff in 1804.

  16. Party platforms/strategy Election 1808 -Dem. Rep. Madison had Jefferson’s support and T-Jeff still popular. -Running as previous Sec. of State and a Virginian -Federalist Pinckney uses the embargo act and bad foreign politics with Britain and France against Madison and T-Jeff Election 1812 -Dem. Rep. Madison running as a wartime president. -People don’t want to switch power in the middle of a conflict. (First example of this) -Federalist Dewitt Clinton changed politics according to popular feeling and geography. (South W=pro war-Dewitt=Pro war, New England against-Dewitt=against) -Ran hoping to get people who did not want another term with a Virginian President.

  17. Election Results Election 1808 -Dem. Rep. Madison Wins by a lot. Pinckney loses. -Madison (122) Clinton (47) Election 1812 Dem. Rep. Madison Wins again by a lot (though not as much as before), Dewitt Loses. -Madison (128) Dewitt (89)

  18. Brief History 1808 -Embargo of Britain unpopular in New England. -Congress doesn’t cooperate with Madison like it did with T-Jeff. -Divided feelings on seemingly unavoidable war. -Troubles with natives, belief that they had British assistance. -War to reestablish belief in republican system. -Madison asked congress to declare war on June 1, 1812. 1812-Madison’s War -United States not really united -Some in New England helping the British. -U.S. not prepared, regular army scattered and ill trained. -American navy, shining example (Oliver Hazard Perry) -Francis Scott Key Star Spangled Banner. -Jackson Victory in New Orleans.

  19. James Monroe (1758-1831)election of 1816 • Under James Madison • Secretary of State (1812) • Secretary of War (1814) • Elected in 1816 as Democratic-Republican • Defeats Rufus King (Federalist) by landslide • Federalist party weak due to War of 1812

  20. James Monroe1816-1819 As President: • “Era of Good Feelings” • Economic “Panic of 1819” • Missouri Compromise • Prohibited Slavery in 36° 30’ Parallel • Florida ceded to United States by Spain

  21. James Monroe Election of 1820 • Ran for re-election unopposed • Not elected unanimously by electoral college • One elector voted for John Q. Adams • As President: • Andrew Jackson attacked Florida • Monroe Doctrine

  22. The Election of 1824 • John Quincy Adams (Mass) • Secretary of State – (Mastermind of Monroe Doctrine) • Andrew Jackson (Tenn) • Military Hero (New Orleans/Indian Fighter) • William Crawford (Geor) • Henry Clay (Kent) • Speaker of the House • All candidates were “Republicans” • John C. Calhoun ran as VP with Adams and Jackson

  23. The Election • Only 25% of eligible voters voted • Voting by section • Adams won New England • Jackson won the South and West • Election decided by Congress • Clay did not have enough electoral votes to be considered

  24. The Result • Speaker of House Henry Clay promises victory to Adams • Adams agreed with Clay’s American System • Federal Bank, Tariffs, and Roads/Canals • Jackson to military/states rightist • Crawford finished by a stroke • Adams becomes the first “minority President”

  25. The “Corrupt” Bargain • Adams becomes President • Clay becomes Secretary of State • 3 out of 4 last Secretaries of State became President • Corruption unlikely because Adams was honest to a fault. • Rumors of corruption plagued both Adam’s and Clay’s political careers

  26. Adams as President • Respect > Popularity • A Failure at “Baby kissing” democracy. • Only replaced 12 government officials • No spoils lost Adams party support • Unpopular policies • American System • Fair with Indians in Georgia (Cherokees) • Adams=nationalist, America=sectionalist

  27. The Elections of Andrew Jackson Truly the coolest President

  28. Election of 1828 • Criticized Adams’ National Republican administration • “People’s Candidate” on Democratic-Republican ticket. • Rachel

  29. Issues of Elections • 1828 – against Pres. John Q. Adams • “Corrupt Bargain” • Mud-Slinging • Tariff of Abominations • 1832 – against Henry Clay • Rechartering of the National Bank

  30. Jackson as President • Spoils System • Veto! Veto! Veto! • Weak Cabinet • Reduction of National Debt • Indian Removal

  31. Legacy of “Old Hickory” • No banking system until 1913 • Appeal to common man • Importance of personality in elections

  32. Election of 1836 Democrats/Jacksonians • Jackson ensured the nomination of Martin Van Buren (his “yes man”) in 1836. Van Buren promised to “tread generally” in the shoes of Andrew Jackson, but was not wildly supported by Jacksonians. • Against tariffs and federally funded internal improvements. • Mostly pro-slavery. • Supported independent treasury. • Supported by South and West.

  33. Election of 1836 Whig Party • Chose “favorite sons,” each with regional appeals, hoping to split the vote and force it to the House of Representatives. • Pro-bank, pro-protective tariff, pro-internal improvements. • Supported moral reform. • Based in New England.

  34. Election of 1836 Candidates • Martin Van Buren, Democrat. • General William Henry Harrison (“Old Tippecanoe”), Whig’s leading “favorite son.” • Hugh White, Whig • Daniel Webster, Whig • Willie Mangum, Independent

  35. Election of 1836 • Tariffs • National Bank vs. Independent Treasury • Slavery • Internal Improvements (Federal or State funded) Major Issues

  36. Election of 1836 America in 1836 • Population is moving west. • Women have more opportunities, but are still not equal. • Blacks continue to have no rights, whether free or slave. • The nation is beginning to be overcome by “manifest destiny.”

  37. The Election of 1836 Results • Van Buren won with 170 to 124 electoral votes, but a much closer popular margin. • The Whig’s strategy failed, the election never made it to the House of Representatives. • Martin Van Buren became the eighth U.S. president, and the first to have been born under the American flag.

  38. Election of 1840 Martin Van Buren v. William H. Harrison

  39. Election Results 1,274,624 1,127,781 234 60 William H. Harrison Martin Van Buren Popular vote Electoral Vote

  40. Demographics • U.S. Population- 17,069,453 (1840 Census) • White= 83.2% Black= 16.8% • 89% rural 11% urban • Average U.S. age= 18

  41. Harrison Background • Not best statesman on Whig ticket, but best “Vote-getter” • Portrayed as poor Western Farmer living in log cabin (actually aristocrat) • Resulting from inaugural address, died of pneumonia after 31 days in office • 1840 Election firmly established 2 party system of government • John Tyler was Vice President

  42. Issues Debated • Since there were no formal party platforms were established, characteristics of the candidates were the main issue of discussion • Issues regarding the time were Mexico/Texas, Economic troubles, and relations with Britain in the Oregon region

  43. Party Platforms • Neither party had established platforms, but rather relied on mass-gathering campaigns designed to make their candidate appeal to the voters. • One such example would be the “Huzza-For-Harrison” campaign

  44. Election of 1848 (Zachary Taylor) • Whig Presidential Candidate • Zachary Taylor • Whig • Ran with Millard Fillmore for VP • Mexican War General (received votes from both Whig and Democratic)

  45. Election of 1848 • Democratic Party Candidate • Lewis Cass • Served as Gov. and Senator of Michigan • Secretary of War under Jackson!!!!! • Silent on slavery (suspected of pro-slavery)

  46. Election of 1848 • Free Soil Party Nomination • Van Buren • Party formed for election to oppose slavery in western states

  47. Election of 1848 • Issues • Slavery (division of Democrats over slavery gave Northeast to Taylor) • Whether annexed Mexican lands should allow slavery • Since candidates were being vague on slavery, some people voted on personality

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