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Current Drug Trends

Current Drug Trends. Maxim W. Furek, MA, CADC, ICADC Garden Walk Recovery (570) 542 – 7946 www.gardenwalkrecovery.com. Bath salts. Mephedrone 3,4 methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Methylone Circa 2011. Bath salts. 500 mg = $34.99 Ingested orally Snorted Injected Smoked.

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Current Drug Trends

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  1. Current Drug Trends Maxim W. Furek, MA, CADC, ICADC Garden Walk Recovery (570) 542 – 7946 www.gardenwalkrecovery.com

  2. Bath salts • Mephedrone • 3,4 methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) • Methylone • Circa 2011

  3. Bath salts • 500 mg = $34.99 • Ingested orally • Snorted • Injected • Smoked

  4. Bath salts: sold as • Toy cleaner • Plant food • Herbal incense • Research chemicals • Pond sand • Pond scum cleaner • Stain remover

  5. Bath salts: marketed as

  6. Bath salts • Synthetic designer drugs • Slightly altered molecular structure of known starter or parent drug • Mimics characteristics of other illegal drugs • Sometimes called “fake cocaine” • “Substituted cathinone”

  7. Bath salts • 3,4 methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)structurally related to Schedule l hallucinogens MDMA and MDEA • 3,4 methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)structurally related to Schedule l stimulants cathinone and methcathinone

  8. Psychological dangers Hallucinations / Psychosis Extreme paranoia / Violent Behavior Suicidal ideations Agitation / Intense craving

  9. Physical dangers Chest pains Increased blood pressure Increased heart rate Heart attack/ Stroke Death or serious injury

  10. Legislation • Lackawanna County bans the drug on April 13, 2011 • Luzerne County President Judge Thomas F. Burke Jr. did the same April 25, 2011 • On June 15, 2011 50-member PA Senate voted unanimously to outlaw bath salts, synthetic marijuana and Salvia divinorum.

  11. Legislation • DEA exercised its emergency scheduling authority to control three synthetic stimulants (Mephedrone, 3,4 methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and Methylone) used to make products marketed as “bath salts” and “plant food.” • October 21, 2011.

  12. Legislation • Synthetic Drug Control Act • December, 2011 - U.S. House of Representatives banned more than 30 synthetic drugs, including spice and bath salts. • Gives DEA more authority to put temporary bans on potentially hazardous drugs being investigated.

  13. Cloud Nine • U.S. Sen. Bob Casey wants to close loopholes that allow makers of designer drugs to slightly alter their drugs and avoid federal and state bans. • Cloud Nine: variant of insect repellant similar to bath salts • (January, 2012)

  14. Update • Jewelry Cleaner AKA Cosmic Blast • Synthetic cocaine • Contains Naphyrone ( MRG-1 or Energy 1) • Stimulant drug similar to mephedrone • Increased body temperatures • Not usually picked up on standard tests

  15. K2 • Spice • Ocean Blue • “herbal incense” Synthetic Cannabis

  16. Created by Clemson University scientist John W. Huffman for research purposes in 1990s • JWH-018 • JWH-073 • JWH-200 • CP-47,497 Synthetic Cannabis

  17. “Not for human consumption” • Aromatherapy • “Mood enhancing” • “Long lasting” • “Legal high” Synthetic Cannabis

  18. Myocardial infarction • Elevated blood pressure • Seizures • Increased agitation • Profuse sweating • Pale skin or vomiting Physical symptoms

  19. Psychological symptoms Lost sense of reality Babbling incoherently Behavior akin to schizophrenia Fluctuating symptoms • Extreme agitation • Anxiety • Delusions • Hyper-excited • Dysphoria

  20. Self-reported symptoms “long-lasting” high “seeing things” “hearing voices” “extreme paranoia”

  21. November, 2010 - DEA announced its "emergency scheduling authority" to temporarily control the K2 chemicals. March 1, 2011 - Five chemicals most commonly found in "Spice" and "K2” classified as Schedule I controlled substances, a category reserved for unsafe, highly abused substances with no medical usage. Legislation

  22. June 15, 2011 - 50-member Pennsylvania Senate voted unanimously to outlaw bath salts, synthetic marijuana and Salvia divinorum. Legislation

  23. Synthetic Drug Control Act • December, 2011 - U.S. House of Representatives banned more than 30 synthetic drugs, including spice and bath salts. • Gives DEA more authority to put temporary bans on potentially hazardous drugs being investigated. Legislation

  24. Update (April 21, 2012) • New Jersey's Division of Consumer Affairs has banned all forms of synthetic drugs that mimic marijuana's effects. Previously, five types of synthetic marijuana had been banned in the state, but New Jersey has banned all forms of the drug. • Most states ban some form of the substance, as does the federal government. The all-inclusive ban is the latest attempt by New Jersey to crack down on drug crimes.

  25. Synthetic Cannabis Leaves of Blue Lotus or Bay Bean coated with chemicals

  26. Signs of Use • K2/Spice is typically smoked • A strong clove smell • Coffee grinder • Pipes or screens

  27. Prevalence of use • One of every nine high school seniors reported using synthetic marijuana within the previous 12 months • n=47,000 8th, 10th and 12th graders • First time synthetic cannabis question was asked • Monitoring the Future. U of Michigan for the National Institute of Drug Abuse 01/1/2012

  28. Physical dangers • Three 16-year-old boys experienced heart attacks • Healthy • No signs of cardiovascular disease • Had smoked K2 within the past few days • UT Southwest Medical Center (11/9/2011)

  29. Monitoring the Future Prevalence of use (2012) 1.4% 2.9% 11.4% 3.2%

  30. Prevalence of use • Increasing abuse in U.S. military • 28 sailors assigned to USS Ronald Reagan dismissed (2011) • 64 sailors accused of involvement in a Spice ring (2011) • Air Force punished 497 airmen in 2011 compared to 380 in 2010

  31. Prevalence of use • Navy investigators compare Spice with angel dust (PCP) • No two batches are the same • Some experience a euphoric buzz – others have suffered delusions lasting up to a week

  32. Salvia divinorum • Salvia • Diviner’s Sage • Sage of the Seers

  33. Salvia divinorum • Salvia divinorumis an extraordinary herb used in shamanism, divination, healing, meditation, and the exploration of consciousness. • It should always be used in a thoughtful, intelligent manner, and only by responsible adults that are of sound mind and clear intent.

  34. Salvia divinorum • "The purpose of these sacraments is to purify, and to open the road. When it opens, it's as clear as the blue sky, and the stars at night are as bright as suns.” Aurelia Aurora Catarino Mazatec shaman

  35. Salvia divinorum • Used for centuries in healing ceremonies by Mazatec Indians of Oaxaca [Pronounced wah-haa-ca]

  36. Salvia divinorum • December, 2010 • Miley Cyrus • 18th birthday • Internet - TMZ &YouTube sensation

  37. Salvinorin A • Psychoactive constituent • Potent k-opioid receptor agonist. • Salvia divinorum is generally understood to be of low toxicity and low addictive potential.

  38. Salvinorin A • Roth discovered that Salvinorin A targeted a single brain receptor – the kappa opioid receptor – making salvia the strongest hallucinogen “gram for gram” found in nature (2002).

  39. Salvinorin A • Could possibly be used to treat brain disorders including depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s.

  40. Medical Applications ? • Heroin • Marijuana • LSD • Psilocybin • Mescaline

  41. Salvinorin A • A structurally novel κ-opioid receptor agonist. • Hallucinogenic • More specifically deliriant and dissociative.

  42. Dissociatives • Aclass of hallucinogen which reduce or block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. • Are unique • Produce hallucinogenic effects, which may include sensory deprivation, dissociation, hallucinations, and dream-like states or trances.

  43. Salvinorin A • Effects are sought after, even though the experience is often considered dysphoric by the user. • While salvinorin A is considered a hallucinogen, it is not a psychedelic. • Effects are qualitatively different than those produced by psychedelic hallucinogens such as LSD or mescaline.

  44. Salvia divinorum • Illegal in some states • Short-acting psychedelic • Strong dissociative effects • Chewed, smoked or consumed as a tincture

  45. Salvia divinorum • Increased feeling of insight • Improved mood • Sense of calmness • Increased sense of connection with nature

  46. Salvia divinorum • Used as treatment for anemia, headache, rheumatism, depression, colds, sore throat, constipation, diarrhea • *Potential as an analgesic • *Therapeutic tool for treating drug addictions

  47. Salvia divinorum • Not generally known to be toxic or addictive • NO fatal overdose reported

  48. Salvia divinorum • Carcinogens associated with smoking • Possible negative interventions with other drugs or medications • Possible dysphoria

  49. Legislation • In U.S. not regulated under the DEA Controlled Substances Act • Illegal in DE, OH, NJ, NY, PA. • On June 15, 2011 50-member PA Senate voted unanimously to outlaw bath salts, synthetic marijuana and Salvia divinorum.

  50. Legislation • Joe Baca (D-California) proposed HR 5607 for amendment of the Controlled Substances Act to place SalvinorinA and Salvia divinorum in federal Schedule I (2002).

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