Eubacteria

1. Eubacteria Carly Peterson, Carter Phillips, Quentin Kolosna, Maria Bajenov

2. Intro •Used to be part of the Monera kingdom •Found in 3 shapes: Round, Rod, and Spiral •Unicellular organisms •Nearly 5,000 species •Lives in typical environments •Can cause disease •Prokaryotes •Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

3. Vocabulary •Heterotroph: an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances •Flagellum: slender cellular appendage: a long thin tapering outgrowth of the cells of many microorganisms such as protozoans, that is a means of locomotion •Parasitism: symbiosis in which one organism lives as a parasite in or on another organism

4. Vocabulary •Prokaryote: a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Bacteria and cyanobacteria •Bacteria: microscopic life form: a single-celled, often parasitic microorganism without distinct nuclei or organized cell structures. Various species are responsible for decay, fermentation, nitrogen fixation, and many plant and animal diseases

5. Escherichia coli • unicellular, prokaryotic, contains a cell wall made of lipopolysaccharides, a periplasmic space with a peptidoglycan layer, and an inner, cytoplasmic membrane • rod-shaped • obtains energy from organism in which it lives by breaking down intaken food (biosynthesis and fermentation) • interacts with environment by affecting different organisms through infection • heterotrophic, biosynthesis (organic molecules ingested by host) to gain carbon which is the main makeup of E.coli cells • interacts with its host, to cause disease and breakdown food in intestines, continuous rotation of cork-screw flagella,parasitism and mutualism • facultatively anaerobic, gram negative

6. E.coli • includes the structure of the fimbriae (small structures on the outside of the cell that help the bacterium to bind to surfaces better) and pilus (retractable protein structure that allows bacteria to transfer copies of plasmids) • asexually, it lives inside organisms to help break down food and certain strands are disease and are injected through food. it continues living until killed off with antibiotics or the organism dies with it and passes it on or recycles it back to the earth, organisms can get it from contaminated water or environment • E.coli has had different breakouts during different time periods and has been contained through medicine • a possible future energy source • mostly adhered to the walls in the GI tract of humans and warm blooded animals either by adhering to the mucus or the epithelium

7. E. Coli

8. Treponema pallidum • Unicellular, Prokaryotic, Cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan • Endoflagella is found in T. pallidum which gives it the corkscrew shape • It is an internal parasite that causes syphilis • Obtains energy from glycolysis • Heterotrophic

9. Treponema pallidum • It’s main interaction is it causes diseases in other people. • Niche- parasite • It moves by rotating around their lengthwise axis in a corkscrew motion • Parasitism with humans • Asexual reproduction • The life cycle is T. pallidum lives on till its is killed or passed on • For over 60 years, penicillin has been the drug of choice for treatment of syphilis.

10. Streptococcus pyogenes • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Cause diseases in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or the skin • Can be extremely dangerous most common sore throat disease • Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium(Anorganism which is capable of producingenergy throughaerobic respiration and then switching back toanaerobic respiration depending on the amounts ofoxygen and fermentable material in theenvironment) • Destroys red blood cells and white blood cells necessary for fighting off disease • Cell wall contains accounts for many of the bacterium's determinants of virulence, especially those concerned with colonization and evasion of phagocytosis and the host immune responses

11. Streptococcus pyogenes Continued • Asexuall reproduction • Rod-Shaped • Heterotroph • Chains of this disease found at a time • Affects about 5 of every 15 healthy people • Can cause strep throat, skin infections, and necrotizing fasciitis • Within kingdom cause strep throat and skin infections • Energy obtained by performing multiple types of photosynthesis • Moves from person to person through coughing and physical contact • Commensalism or Parasitism

13. Rickettsia rickettsii • Unicellular, prokaryotic, and have a cell wall made of mostly lipopolysaccharides • Lipopolysaccharides consist of lipids and polysaccharides. • Has a structure called a Type 4 Secretion System which allows it to invade cells and take them over • Transfers its DNA to the new host cell of the organism it is living in • Rickettsia rickettsii gets energy from the cells that it invades, living inside them; therefore, it is heterotrophic • R. rickettsii lives in ticks until it is transferred to a mammal.

14. Rickettsia rickettsii • Moves using a tail • Has an endosymbiotic relationship with the host mammal’s cells • Relationship with the tick is commensalism • Reproduces asexually • Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Life Cycle • Starts in an infected tick that lays eggs • Eggs hatch • Disease transfer to a mammal through the tick bite • Transferred to other tick that bite the infected mammal

15. Theme Relation to Kingdom 1.Bacteria are prokaryotes and unicellular. 2.Eubacteria are enclosed by a cell wall. Within the cell wall is the plasma membrane which contains the bacterial cytoplasm. Eubacteria can be rod shaped, spherical, or spiral shaped. The function of eubacteria is to cause and create diseases. 3.It obtains energy from photosynthesis. It can be autotroph or heterotroph.

16. Themes Continued 4.Eubacteria lives in typical environments. Eubacteria can be found in food and around humans. 5.Eubacteria is asexual. 6.All members can survive mostly in typical environments and come from the previous kingdom Monera. It is unique, because it is prokaryotic. 7.In your body there is more bacteria than there are people in the world.

17. Works cited Gibson, Chelsea. (2007). Habitat- Inside the Host Cell. Retrieved from http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/gibson_chel/Habitat.htm University of Connecticut (2004). Rickettsia rickettsii, Causitive Agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Retrieved from http://web.uconn.edu/mcbstaff/graf/Student%20presentations/Rickettsia/Rickettsia.html Fox, Alvin. (2010). Treponema Pallidum. Retrieved from http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/spiro-neisseria.htm Herrimen, Robert. (2013). Treponema Pallidum. Retrieved from http://www.theglobaldispatch.com/polk-county-iowa-reports-a-420-percent-increase-in-syphilis-53802/phil_2392_lores/ Hagen, Karen. Basics of Bacterial Structure and Life Cycle. Retrieved from http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia/uploads/microbiology/ecoli.html CDC. (2013). E.coli. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/ Texas A&M University. (2008). E.Coli Bacteria:A Future Source of Energy. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080129170709.htm Reese, Charlotte. (2005). Streptococcus pyogenes. Retrieved from http://phyogenesgonewild.com/