1. Bacteria - Eubacteria Domain Prokarya

2. Plantae Monera Bacteria-Eubacteria Lumpers Splitters Shifting Kingdoms

3. Multicellular Animals Archezoans Euglenoids Slime Molds Archaebacteria Brown Algae Protozoans Chrysophytes Red algae Green Algae Bryophytes Myxozoans True Fungi Tracheophytes Bacteria 8 5 3 2 1 Extant How Many Kingdoms? Extinct Long Time with Prokaryotes only Original Cell

4. Bacteria - Eubacteria • Ancient fossils 3.5 billion years b.p. • Archetype for prokaryotic organisms • Phototrophs • Chemoautotrophs • Heterotrophs • Saprobes • Parasites (bacteria benefit, host harmed) • Commensals (bacteria benefit, host unharmed) • Mutualists (bacteria and host both benefit) • Unicellular, colonial, filamentous • Bacillus, coccus, spirillum

5. +Para- site +Chl B H2S -Cell Wall +Parasite H2O +µtubule H2S +Chl A +gliding motility H2O +NAD +bacteriochlorophyll +NADP Gram negative Bacterial Phyla Rhodopseudomonads Extant Mycoplasmas Actinomycetes Purple nonsulfur Green Sulfur Clostrids Spirochetes Cyanobacteria Prochlorophytes Purple Sulfur Desulfovibrios Myxobacteria Rikettsias Extinct Gram positive Original Cell

6. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive Cyanobacteria      Kingdom Bacteria to Domains Archaea and Eukarya Universal Ancestor

7. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs   symbionts, parasites Rhizobium-legumes: N2 fixation Agrobacterium-host: Recombinant DNA Rickettsias: Rocky Mountain Fever likely source of mitochondrion by endosymbiosis Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor

8. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs    nutritionally diverse Nitrosomonas in soil: NH4+ NO2- ammonium nitrite Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor

9. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs     Photosynthetic: Chromatium CO2 + H2S CH2O + S(solid) Heterotrophic: Legionella-Legionnaires’ disease Enterics: Escherichia coli in your intestine Salmonella food poisoning Vibrio cholerae cholera Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor

10. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs      Myxobacteria: slime secretion, aggregation, spores Bdellovibrios: rapid locomotion 100m/sec penetrate prey bacteria 100 rps Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor

11. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs       Helicobacter pylori: human stomach ulcers Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor

12. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Gram-negative parasites inside animal cells Chlamydia trachomatis: blindness Non-gonococcal urethritis: common STD (most-common in USA!)      Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor

13. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes      Helical heterotrophs to 0.25 mm long but very thin! Rotational bacterial filament Free-living and pathogens: Treponema pallidum = syphilis Borrelia burgdorferi = Lyme disease Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor

14. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive: very diverse      Actinomycetes: branched chains tuberculosis, leprosy Soil: Streptomyces antibiotics Solitary: Bacillus, Clostridium anthrax, botulism Staphylococcus: clusters Streptococcus: chains “hospital diseases” Mycoplasmas 0.1m walking pneumonia Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor

15. Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive Cyanobacteria      likely source of chloroplast by endosymbiosis Kingdom Bacteria unicell, colony, filament photoautotrophs: CO2 + H2O O2 + CH2O heterocysts: N2 fixation N2 + H+ + ATP NH4+ Universal Ancestor