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This primer provides vital web accessibility strategies to improve usability for everyone. It emphasizes the importance of organizing content with clear headings and bullet lists to facilitate machine recognition. Guidelines include using high contrast colors, spelling out acronyms, ensuring hyperlinks are descriptive, avoiding flickering images, and mindful structuring of tables. Additionally, it underlines the necessity for accessible forms, transcripts for audio, and captions for video content. By following these principles, web communications can become more inclusive and user-friendly.
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II. Cross-Cutting Strategies A Web Accessibility Primer: Usability for Everyone Office of Web Communications
Provide Labels and Structure • An organized, outline presentation makes content more accessible to everyone. • Use real heading and bullet list formats so machines (screen readers) can recognize them.
Color Use • Don’t use color alone to convey info. Cornell’s policy not Cornell’s policy www.vischeck.com • Use high contrast colors.
Acronyms • Spell out acronyms in their first use. • Even common acronyms (e.g., CEO) should be spelled out. • Screen readers will pronounce acronyms as words if there are enough vowels.
Hyperlinks • Link names should make sense out of context. • Make links and hot spots big enough to hit with limited motor ability with a mouse. “click here” … “more” … “Dr. Raj”
Avoid Flickering Images • Flashing, strobing or flickering images can induce seizures in some people. • Not to mention are annoying to almost everyone.
Tables (continued) Use the simplest layout possible. • Label rows and columns clearly • Don’t let headers span rows or columns • Use only one level of row/column names
Tables (continued) • Define sizes with percentages (%). • Not inches or cm.
versus University Image Use • Use real rather than graphical text • Use images liberally – they aid comprehension. • But avoid background images. • Provide descriptive “alternative text” or “alt-text” for images.
Alt-Text for Images • Screen readers read any alt-text you provide for images. • Don’t duplicate descriptions if they are already in main content. • Don’t describe images that are merely decorative.
Forms • Good clarity and organization help everyone. • Need to be keyboard-only accessible (no JavaScripts that change browser location) • Organize logically: • Clear instructions • Label required elements • Line up field names with response fields
Audio and Video • Always provide a text transcript for all audio. • Include captions for all audio associated with video or changing images (e.g. PowerPoint). • Synchronized • Equivalent • Accessible • Don’t describe images that are merely decorative.
Text Presentation and Formatting • Use simple, familiar fonts. No cursive or rare ones. • Provide high contrast between text and background. • E.g. • Not • Use footnotes rather than endnotes.1 blue on yellow red on green 1to help keep them in context
Text Presentation and Formatting • Leave large, empty margins around the text. • Use blank lines between paragraphs.
Clear Writing • Use active verbs, avoid passive voice • e.g. She wrote the book not The book was written by… • Avoid the verb “to be” as main verb • e.g., He charmed the audience not He was charming • Keep sentences short and simple. • Avoid double negatives. • Organize your ideas logically, use headings.
