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Understanding Disease Transmission: Pathogens and Their Impact on Health

Chapter 3 explores the fundamental concepts of disease transmission, focusing on how pathogens such as viruses and bacteria can enter the body and initiate the disease process. Pathogens, including bacteria that thrive independently outside host organisms, are examined to understand their role in health and illness. This chapter emphasizes the importance of recognizing these pathways to prevent the spread of diseases and promote effective care.

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Understanding Disease Transmission: Pathogens and Their Impact on Health

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  1. Chapter 3

    Before Giving Care Updated 8/2012
  2. Disease Transmission The disease process begins when a pathogen enters the body. PATHOGEN can either be - -Virus -Bacteria
  3. Disease Transmission Bacteria: -Do not depend on organisms for life -Can live outside the body -Can be treated with antibiotics Examples: -Tetanus -Bacterial Meningitis
  4. Disease Transmission Virus: Depend on other organisms to live and reproduce. Some viruses like the flu virus can live for a few days to a week outside the body, where as HIV only lives a few seconds outside the body. Examples: -Common Cold -Flu -HIV
  5. Direct Contact vs Indirect Contact Direct Contact Transmission: -Occurs when the infected blood or body fluids from one person enter another person’s body at the vulnerable entry site. Indirect Contact Transmission: -Can occur when a person touches an object that contains the blood or body fluid of an infected person.
  6. How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread All Four of the following conditions must be met: A pathogen is present There is sufficient quantity of the pathogen present It must pass through the correct entry site A person must be susceptible to the pathogen
  7. Standard Precautions Personal Hygiene Personal Protective Equipment
  8. What to do if exposed.. -Clean the contaminated area thoroughly with soap and water. -If blood or other infectious material is in the mouth or nose flush with splashes of water. -If the eyes are involved, flush with clean water or saline for 20 minutes.
  9. LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS Before giving care, you must gain CONSENT (permission) to give care. To gain consent you must: -Identify yourself to the person -Give your level of training -Ask for permission -Explain what you are observing -Explain the care you are going to give
  10. LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IMPLIED CONSENT- If a person is unconscious, confused, mentally impaired, and/or unable to give consent, the law assumes that if the person could respond he or she would agree. Consent is also implied for a minor if a parent or guardian is not present or immediately available.
  11. Good Samaritan Laws / Abandonment Good Samaritan laws protect individuals who give care and act as a reasonable and prudent person. Reasonable and prudent would include: Moving a person only if his/her life was in danger. Ask a conscious victim for consent before giving care. Check for life-threatening emergencies before giving care. Call 9-1-1 Continue care until medical help arrives
  12. Good Samaritan Laws / Abandonment Once you begin care, you are legally responsible to continue care until a person with equal or higher training takes over for you. OR Until you are too exhausted to continue. If you stop giving care, even if it’s to get medical supplies, you could be held legally responsible for the ABANDONMENT of the person in need.
  13. Moving a Victim When you are forced to move a victim from the scene because danger is present, consider the following limitations: Size of the person Distance to move the person Your physical ability Can bystanders help The person’s condition Equipment to facilitate moving the victim
  14. Moving a Victim – Emergency Moves Walking Assist: Clothes Drag: Pack Strap Carry: Blanket Drag: Two Person Seat Carry Ankle Drag:
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