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Why Do Organisms Build Tissues They Seemingly Never Use? Insights from Digital Organisms

This study investigates the paradox of why organisms develop tissues that may not be utilized, using a computer program to analyze the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny. Key findings include the role of early developmental stages in trait complexity and how evolutionary processes are mirrored in growth. Through various logic functions assigned to digital organisms, we explore the mean scores and tendencies of ontogeny to recapitulate phylogeny. The results emphasize the preservation of early developmental features and the implications of complexity in evolutionary biology.

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Why Do Organisms Build Tissues They Seemingly Never Use? Insights from Digital Organisms

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  1. Why Do Organisms Build Tissues They Seemingly Never Use? Emily Boyer, Julia Hulbert, Ciera St. Pierre, and Ryan Youngblood Group 28

  2. Introduction • Created a computer program to discover the correlation between ontogeny and phylogeny • Mayr: Early changes = Disruptive • Gould: Retain ancestral developmental features • Recapitulation: Repetition of an evolutionary process during development/growth

  3. Data/Results List of logic functions that were awarded to the digital organisms if the functions were performed. Key: ~ : The negation of the binary string (Clune et al. 2012)

  4. Data/Results Mean Score vs. The Tendency of Ontogeny to Recapitulate Phylogeny ORP: Overall tendency CC: Contribution of traitcomplexity to ORP Diff: Difference between ORP and CC scores (Clune et al. 2012)

  5. Data/Results Diff: Mean Difference: 0.075 Standard Error: 0.038 Range: -0.474 to 0.877 CC: Mean Score: 0.195 Standard Error: 0.031 Range: -0.318 to 0.587 ORP: Mean Score: 0.270 Standard Error: 0.047 Range: -0.5 to 1.0

  6. Discussion • Complexity Correlation Effect: • Simpler traits are building blocks for more complex traits • They tend to evolve and develop before more complex traits creating correspondence in the ordering of events • Developmental Disruption Force: • Selection tends to preserve early developmental stages more than later stages • Early acting mutations often disrupt traits expressed both early and late in life

  7. Conclusion TAKE HOME MESSAGE

  8. References • Clune, J., Pennock, R. T., Ofria, C., and Lenski, R.E. 2012. Ontogeny Tends to Recapitulate Phylogeny in Digital Organisms. The American Naturalist 180:E54-E63 • Lenski, R. E., C. Ofria, T. C. Collier, and C. Adami. 1999. Genomecomplexity, robustness and genetic interactions in digital organ-isms. Nature 400:661–664 • Whittaker, D., 2012. Why do organisms build tissues they seemingly never use?, Michigan State University. • Freeman, S. Biological Sciences. 4th. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 2011. 474. Print.

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