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DIRECT READING INSTRUMENTS

DIRECT READING INSTRUMENTS. Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company Revised 2006 29 CFR 1910. Reasons to Monitor. Provide current, direct information regarding the type and relative quantity of the hazards present

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DIRECT READING INSTRUMENTS

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  1. DIRECT READING INSTRUMENTS Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company Revised 2006 29 CFR 1910.

  2. Reasons to Monitor • Provide current, direct information regarding the type and relative quantity of the hazards present • Assess the environmental risk to workers, responders, general public, and the environment

  3. Reasons to Monitor • Help in selecting the appropriate PPE, equipment, and areas for workplace and mitigation perimeter control • Hot, Warm, and Cold Zones

  4. Other Reasons • Regulates the effectiveness of mitigation techniques • Assess the efficiency of emission controls and to determine the need for specific medical monitoring for exposures • Demonstrates a safe work site

  5. Location of the release Type & Configuration of the container Labels or Placards Shipping Papers Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Information from site workers / bystanders Clues for Unidentified Hazards

  6. Looking at %LEL Readings • Most measure in the % of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) • It is a safety meter • Designed to detect hazardous concentrations of gases and vapors (up to a meter reading of 100% LEL)

  7. Example - Pentane • Suppose the calibrant gas is pentane and the pentane vapors are known to be present. A reading of 100% LEL indicates that the LEL has been reached which is: 1.5% by volume of air or 15,000ppm (1% by volume = 10,000ppm)

  8. Example - Methane • Suppose we are using a methane calibrated meter and we expose the meter to pentane (The conversion factor for pentane is 0.6) • A reading of 100% LEL now indicates that 60% LEL or 9,000ppm of pentane are present (The LEL of Pentane is 1.5% or 15,000ppm; 0.6 x 15,000ppm= 9,000ppm)

  9. Conversions • Meter Reading x Conversion Factor = Actual Reading • 100% LEL x 0.6 = 60% LEL • LEL x 10,000 = 100% LEL in ppm • 1.5 x 10,000ppm = 15,000ppm • Actual %LEL x LEL in ppm = Actual Concentration Present in ppm • 0.6 x 15,000ppm = 9,000ppm

  10. Remember • % LEL must be converted to a decimal value; it represents a percentage or a fraction of 100% and must always be equal to or less than 1.0: 100% LEL = 100/100 = 1.00 50% LEL = 50/100 = 0.50 10% LEL = 10/100 = 0.10 5% LEL = 5/100 = 0.05

  11. Hint • An easier way to determine the approximate ppm concentration present is to first convert the actual % LEL value to ppm

  12. Example • For methane with an LEL of 6%, the following quick conversions can be done without the aid of a calculator. 100% Actual LEL = LEL x 10,000ppm = LEL in ppm 100% Actual LEL = 60,000ppm 50% Actual LEL = 30,000ppm 25% Actual LEL = 15,000ppm 10% Actual LEL = 6,000ppm 5% Actual LEL = 3,000ppm 1% Actual LEL = 600ppm

  13. Air Quality • Air quality is very important in the workplace • Air monitoring is a means of evaluating the quality of the work environment • Four requirements for good air quality: • Eliminate Tobacco Smoke • Provide Adequate Ventilation • Maintain Ventilation System(s) • Remove Sources of Pollution

  14. Air Quality • There are substances which are linked to lung diseases that can be encountered in the workplace: • Asbestos/other carcinogenic substances • Coal dust • Grain dust/other farm hazards • Silica • Allergens

  15. Air Quality • Some employees are more “at risk” than others • “At risk” employees should have their workplace monitored regularly • Indoor air problems are generated by gas or particle release • Ventilation systems should bring in an adequate amount of outside air to off set these gases and particles

  16. Air Quality • Sources of indoor air pollution: • Oil, gas, kerosene, wood, tobacco • Building materials and furnishings • Wet or damp carpet • Cabinetry or furniture made of pressed wood • Household cleaning and maintenance products • Central heating and cooling systems • Humidification devices • Outdoor sources • Radon • Pesticides • Outdoor Air pollution

  17. Air Quality • The hazard of a source is dependent on the amount of pollutant it emits • Some sources releases pollutant continuously, some only intermittently • High pollutant concentrations can remain in the air for long periods

  18. Air Quality • Particulates • Tiny or fine particles which soil the air and are breathed in • Considered more dangerous than smog, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide • Linked as a major contributor to lung cancer

  19. Air Quality • Size • 10 micrometers or less • Same size as bacteria • Invisible to the naked eye • Small enough to be breathed into the lungs • Fine particulates 2.5 micrometers or less • Course particulates 2.5 –10 micrometers • Course particles are too large to travel far into the lungs • Fine particles bury themselves in the air sacs of the lungs and can cause a great deal of damage

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