Birth Control

1. Birth Control By: Shaina Stein, Alicia Maas, and Samantha Whiteis

2. Hormone Free Birth Control • Condoms • Diaphragms • Sponge

3. Benefits of Condoms • No prescription necessary • There are no side effects because condoms are hormone free • Don't have to rely on taking pill, can use the condom spur of the moment

4. Benefits of Diaphragms • Hormone free • Effective immediately • Can be inserted hours before sex

5. Benefits of a Sponge • Hormone free • Can be put in hours before sex and can be worn for up to 30 hours after it is put in and can have sex as much as you want without removing or putting it back in

6. Hormone based Birth Control • Oral Birth Control (the "Pill") • Implanted (Implanon) • Shot (Depo-Provera) • Vaginal implants

7. the "Pill" • 97%-99% effective • Two different kinds of birth control pills available • Combination pill • Progestin only pill (minipill)

8. Combination Pill • Estrogen and Progestin (form of progesterone) • Traditional combination pill comes in 28-day packs • 21 active days and 7 inactive days

9. Progestin-only Pill • Only contains progestin • Thickens the cervical mucous vs stopping ovulation like the combination pill • Has no adverse effects on nursing mothers • Taken every day • No "on" and "off" days

10. Implanon • Implanted into skin • Releases progestin • Do not have to take any pills • Can be used while breastfeeding • Does not cause sterilization

11. Depo-Provera • Releases progestin • One of the most effective birth controls • Can help prevent cancer in the uterus

12. Vaginal Implants Nuvaring • Estrogen and progestin is released • Hormone release is activated once the ring touches the vagina • 99% effective • Should not breastfeed while using the Nuvaring

13. Pregnancy Tests • You are able to get accurate results from pregnancy tests while taking the pill. • This can happen because the tests measure HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

14. I didn't know I was pregnant... • A study in 2009 advised that the correlation between birth control and the use of them during pregnancy had an increased risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery • Mayo Clinic says that birth control pills do not cause miscarriages during early pregnancy

15. The History of Birth Control

16. In the beginning… Prior to any developed methods of birth control, women had to rely on male withdrawal, and on killing the infant after birth, and abortion for backup.

17. 3,000 B.C. The first date birth control were condoms made from such materials as fish bladders, linen sheaths, and animal intestines.

18. 1500 B.C. First spermicides used were condoms made from linen cloth sheaths that were soaked in a chemical solution and dried before using.

19. 1150 B.C. An Egyptian scroll called the Ebers Papyrus instructs women on how to mix foods such as date, honey, and acacia into a paste, smear it over wool, and use it to block semen from entering the uterus.

20. 1700’s Casanova wrote of different methods he tried such as, sheep bladder condoms, and the use of a half lemon as a cervical cap for women.

21. 1838 Charles Goodyear created a way to make rubber into a stronger material, and used this technology to create rubber made condoms, intrauterine devices, douching systems, and “womb veils,” also known as cervical caps or diaphrams.

22. 1860’s By the 1860’s in this country, new legislation had outlawed all abortions except those necessary to save the life of a woman. In 1869, Pope Pius IX declared that all abortion is murder.

23. 1873 The Comstock Act passed in the United States prohibiting advertisements, information, and distribution of birth control and allowing the postal service to confiscate birth control sold through the mail.

24. 1878 The very first birth control clinic was founded in Amsterdam by Aletta Jacobs.

25. 1880’s A large cervical cap is developed, and was an early form of the diaphram.

26. 1905 President Theodore Roosevelt attacked birth control and condemned the tendency towards smaller families as sign of moral disease.

27. 1916 Margaret Sanger opened the first family planning clinic America had seen, in Brooklyn, New York. The next year she was deemed guilty of “maintaining a public nuisance” and sentenced to jail for 30 days. Once released, she re-opened her clinic and continued keep her clinic open through more arrests and prosecutions. 

28. 1921 Sanger starts the American Birth Control league, which later turns into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

29. 1930 An Anglican bishop approves limited use of birth control; Pope Pius XI affirms church teaching against contraception

30. 1938 In a case involving Margaret Sanger, a judge lifted the federal ban on birth control, ending the Comstock era. Diaphragms became a popular method of birth control.

31. 1950 While in her 80’s, Sanger studied the research necessary to create the first human birth control pill. She raised $150,000 for the project.

32. 1954 Rock and Pincus conduct the first human Pill trial on 50 women in Massachusetts.

33. 1960 In May, the FDA announces its approval of Enovid as a birth control pill (almost half a million American women were already taking it for "therapeutic purposes") In the 1960’s, IUD’s (intrauterine devices), were produced. Feminists challenged the safety of oral contraceptives (“the Pill”) as a result of confirmed serious health risks associated with it. Successful efforts led by feminist groups and consumer activists, along with well-publicized congressional hearings, led to modifications of the Pill.

34. 1960 Cont’d The first oral contraceptive, Enovid, was marketed in the United States. invented by Frank Colton.

35. 50thAnniversry of the pill! http://www.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,79545976001_1983742,00.html

36. 1965 In the Griswold v. Connecticut case, the Supreme Court takes down state laws prohibiting contraception for married couples. 6.5 million American women were now on the pill. This was also a rise in females getting jobs, so the pill was used so they could be reliable in their work and not have to take maternity leave.

37. 1972 The Supreme Court case, Baird versus Eisenstadt legalized birth control for all American citizens, with no concern of marital status.

38. 1972 The Dalkon Shield, a popular IUD, was recalled because it was said that it caused infertility in thousands of users. Although there were no other complaints of IUD’s doing this, all IUD’s were taken off the market for fear that some lawsuites might begin

39. 1980’s-1990’s Hormonal birth control now included implants and injectables. Low-dose pills were introduced. Rapid expansion in birth control availability and improvements in safety and effectiveness occurred. The patch, vaginal ring, new injectables, single rod implants, and trans cervical female sterilization were all the new birth controls invented.

40. 2,000’s Condoms especially for women are introduced; Condoms such as ribbed, lubricated, and vibrating.

41. 2010 A study of 46,000 women conducted over 40 years found that women on the Pill live longer and are less likely to die prematurely of all causes, including cancer and heart disease. Around 100 million women around the world use the Pill.

42. Religious Views on Birth Control

43. Jewish Views Birth control is acceptable Accepted birth control includes hormonal forms Condoms and vasectomies are forbidden Condoms are accepted only if it protects against an incurable disease

44. Jewish views continued: While not viewed as a necessity there are circumstances in which they view it as okay. When a woman is very young or nursing it is okay to use birth control If a couple has a boy and a girl, it is okay to use it Lastly it is okay to use if pregnancy may pose a risk to the mother or the baby.

45. Islamic Views Surgeries such as vasectomies and hysterectomies are forbidden. The only way a hysterectomy is acceptable is if the woman's life is in danger if she gets pregnant.

46. Islamic Views continued Temporary birth control (pill, patch) is prohibited unless there is a medical reason for doing so and the husband agrees to do so. Physical contraception however, (condoms, diaphragms, etc..) are permissible. Those should only be used if the woman agrees to it.

47. Hindu Views There is no opposition to contraception. Family planning is seen as an ethical good

48. Buddhist views Fertility is favored over using birth control. Birth control is acceptable for family planning if a couple does not want any more children. The pill and condoms are acceptable, abortion however is not accepted at all.

49. Chinese Views Birth control is allowed, especially because they are still trying to keep the population down. Contraceptive devices are handed out for free. The preferred method is the pill

50. Lastly, the Most Common Religious View In America Instead of birth control, they just have sex in belief that God is in control and will give them a child when He sees fit. Sex before marriage is considered a sin. For the most part, Christians are Pro-Life and using the pill is okay with married couples.