1. Posture Assessment PHT 1261C Tests and Measurements Dr. Kane

2. Posture Assessment • Strength and length of muscles must be balanced • Based on force couple principles • Must be addressed, esp. in head, trunk, shoulders, and pelvis • Alterations in strength &/or length create postural faults • Stretch weakness • Muscles that develop their maximum force in the elongated or stretched position & are weak in normal physiological position • Static and Dynamic Assessment • Reference Line or Gravity Line or Plumb Line

3. Factors that Affect Posture Assessment • Subject minimally clothed with no socks/shoes • Have patient assume relaxed & natural posture • If use orthosis or AD, assess posture with and without the device • Use instruments to make it valid • Note relevant medical history • Note UE limb dominance – usually lower on that side

4. Standing Posture – Plumb Line Position • Lateral - Perform on both sides to pick up rotational abnormalities • Head – through ear lobe to acromion process • Trunk – midline • Hip – through greater trochanter • Knee – anterior to midline, posterior to patella • Ankle – anterior to lateral malleolus • Anterior/Posterior • Divides body into two equal halves

5. Lateral View – Postural Faults • Head and Neck • Forward head • Flattened Lordotic Cervical Curve • Excessive Lordotic Cervical Curve • Shoulder • Forward Shoulders • Lumbar Lordosis • Thoracic Spine • Kyphosis • Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest) • Barrel Chest • Pectus Cavinatum (Pigeon Chest)

6. Lateral View – Postural Faults - continued • Lumbar Vertebrae • Increased lordosis • Sway Back • Flat Back • Pelvis and Hip • Anterior Pelvic Tilt • Posterior Pelvic Tilt • Knee • Genu Recurvatum • Flexed Knee • Ankle • Forward Posture/BW on met heads

7. Posterior View – Postural Faults • Head and Neck • Head Tilt • Head Rotated • Shoulder and Scapula • Dropped Shoulder • Shoulder elevated • Shoulder Medial Rotation (IR) • Scapula Adducted • Scapula Abducted • Winging Scapula • Trunk • Scoliosis

8. Posterior View – Postural Faults (cont.) • Pelvis and Hip • Lateral pelvic tilt • Pelvic rotation • Hip abducted/Coxa Valga • Hip Adducted/Coxa Vara • Knee • Genu Varum • Genu Valgum • Ankle/Foot • Pes Planus (pronated) • Pes Cavus (supinated)

9. Anterior View – Postural Faults • Head and Neck • Lateral tilt • Mandibular Asymmetry • Shoulders • Shoulder Dropped • Shoulder Elevated • Clavicle/SC Joint Asymmetry • Elbows • Cubitus Valgus • Cubitus Varus • Hip • Medial Rotation • Lateral Rotation

10. Anterior View – Postural Faults (cont.) • Knee • External Tibial Torsion • Internal Tibial Torsion • Ankle and Foot • Hallux Valgus • Claw Toes • Hammer Toes