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UNIT 4

UNIT 4. Modals : m ay , might , can, could. Modal verbs :. Give an indication of the speaker’s attitude. Can indicate degrees of certainty , uncertainty , etc . Ability. Can expresses ability in the present ; could in the past

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UNIT 4

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  1. UNIT 4 Modals: may, might, can, could

  2. Modal verbs: • Giveanindication of thespeaker’sattitude • Can indicatedegrees of certainty, uncertainty, etc.

  3. Ability • Canexpressesability in thepresent; could in thepast • Talkaboutanachievementand toexpressthatsomeonewassuccesful: • Was/wereableto • Managedto+ infinitive • Succeeded in + verb + ing

  4. Permission • Cantoexpresspermission; cannot/can’ttoexpressprohibition • May:sometimesusedtoexpresspermition/prohibitionin a formal way

  5. Request, suggestions and politeorders • Can/could: tomakeoffers, requests, and givepoliteorders • Might: torequestpermission in a politeway

  6. Possibility and probability • May, might and couldare usedtospeculateaboutthepossibility of events • May, mightandcould+ have + pastparticiple • Tospeculate in thepast • Totalkaboutpossibilities in thepastthatdidnothappen

  7. Cannot/can’t: toexpressnegativecertaintybasedonevidence • Cannot/can’t + have + pastparticiple: toexpressnegativecertainty in thepast • Can and could: usedtotalkabouttheoreticalpossibility • May, might and could + be + verb + -ing:tospeculateaboutevents in thepresent/future

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