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Understanding Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation Explained

Dive into the essential processes of protein synthesis, focusing on the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information. This overview covers the triplet code, codon chart, and the genetic code dictionary, illustrating how mRNA is transcribed from DNA and translated into proteins. Key steps include initiation, elongation, and termination for both transcription and translation phases. Learn how proteins like hemoglobin are formed from amino acids and the significance of RNA processing. Access detailed resources to enhance your understanding of these fundamental biological processes.

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Understanding Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation Explained

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  1. Overview of Protein Synthesis Check out the Access Excellence Website Protein Syntheis The Basics

  2. Overview: roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information

  3. Overview: roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information

  4. Overview: roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information

  5. Overview: roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information

  6. Overview: roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information

  7. The triplet code

  8. Codon Chart • 20 amino acids • 64 (44 )possible combinations. • Steps: • Read codon. AUG • Begin in center. Work your way out. • Find 1st letter A • Find 2nd letter U • Find 3rd letter. G • Write down amino acid. Methionine

  9. The dictionary of the genetic code

  10. A tobacco plant expressing a firefly gene

  11. Steps of Protein Synthesishttp://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=cbp&wcsuffix=4123 Hemoglobin protein that carries oxygen in your red blood cells How does DNA code for proteins?

  12. Step 1: Transcription Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) Section 12-3 RNApolymerase mRNA DNA DNA strand: TAC AAG TTTmRNA strand: AUG UUC AAA

  13. Step 2: Translation mRNA strand: AUG UUC AAA Amino Acid: Methionine Phenylalanine Lysine

  14. Translation continued… Polypeptide chain of amino acids forms until it reaches the STOP codon. The chain folds up into a protein.

  15. The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 1)

  16. The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 2)

  17. The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 3)

  18. The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 4)

  19. Check out this website for movie clips Chrissy's favorite protein synthesis clip

  20. RNA processing; addition of the 5 cap and poly(A) tail

  21. RNA processing: RNA splicing

  22. The roles of snRNPs and spliceosomes in mRNA splicing

  23. Correspondence between exons and protein domains

  24. Translation: the basic concept

  25. The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)

  26. The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)

  27. The initiation of translation

  28. The elongation cycle of translation

  29. The termination of translation

  30. Types of RNA in a Eukaryotic Cell

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