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Chemical Compounds

Chemical Compounds. Chapter 10 State Standards: 3.b; 3.c; 5.e; 7.c. 10-1: Ionic and Covalent Compounds. Ionic Compounds. Attraction between oppositely charged ions (+ and -) Have ionic bonds Mostly metals and nonmetals

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Chemical Compounds

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  1. Chemical Compounds Chapter 10 State Standards: 3.b; 3.c; 5.e; 7.c Contreras

  2. Contreras 10-1: Ionic and Covalent Compounds

  3. Contreras Ionic Compounds • Attraction between oppositely charged ions • (+ and -) • Have ionic bonds • Mostly metals and nonmetals • Metal atoms become positively charged when electrons are transferred to nonmetals • NaCl (Na loses electrons, Cl gains electrons)

  4. Contreras Ionic Compound Properties • Brittleness • Crystal lattice arrangement • High melting point • Because of strong bonds between ions • Highly soluble (dissolve easily) in water • Conducts electricity

  5. Contreras Covalent Compounds • Atoms are bound by shared valence electrons • Bonding of two nonmetals • Molecules are made up of covalent compounds

  6. Contreras Covalent Compound Properties • Most not very soluble (do not dissolve well in water) • Low melting point • Weaker bonds are easier to break • Most do not conduct electricity because they do not form ions when dissolved in water

  7. Contreras Types of Compounds

  8. Contreras 10-2: Acids and Bases

  9. Contreras Acids • Have hydronium ions (H3O+) • H2O + H+ H3O+ • Uses • Hydrochloric acid used in separating metals from their ores, pool maintenance against algae, stomach digestion

  10. Contreras Acid Properties • Sour Taste • Corrosive – ability to destroy many things • Change colors of indicators • Litmus paper – changes to red • React with metals to form hydrogen gas • Conducts electric current • When acids are dissolved in water, they break apart and form ion

  11. Contreras Bases • Have hydroxide ions (OH-) • Hydroxide ion is an oxygen bonded to a hydrogen with a negative charge • Uses • Sodium hydroxide is used in soap, paper, oven cleaners and drain decloggers • Ammonia – household cleaners and fertilizers

  12. Contreras Base Properties • Bitter taste and slippery feel • Corrosive • Ex. Soap • Change color of indicators • Litmus paper – changes to blue • Conduct electrical current • Hydroxide ions have a negative charge

  13. pH Scale Contreras Neutral Solution (pH of 7) Basic Acidic

  14. Contreras Acids vs. Bases

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