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ENGLISH IMPROVEMENT

This educational material is designed for PGPSE participants to strengthen their English language skills. It explores various idioms, their meanings, and usage in context, providing transformations of phrases for clearer understanding. Examples such as "crossed the Rubicon" illustrate making irreversible decisions, while "cross purposes" highlights differences in objectives. Other idioms like "comes a cropper," "cuddled," and "demurely" are also analyzed to enhance comprehension. The material encourages learners to actively apply these insights in their communication.

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ENGLISH IMPROVEMENT

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  1. ENGLISH IMPROVEMENT AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  2. ENGLISH IMPROVEMENT AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  3. Now I had crossed the rubicon. • What is the meaning of the idiom : crossed the rubicon • To take an important and irriversible decision. • Change had to have. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  4. Let us cross our fingers, because we don’t have anything else to done. • Meaning of idiom : cross our fingers • = wait for the plan to become successful • Change done to do. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  5. I and Ram are on cross purposes. • Change on to at • Meaning of Cross purposes means having different objectives. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  6. Day traders comes a cropper • Change comes to came (related to past tense). • Meaning of idiom comes a cropper is to fail. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  7. CID people are experts in cryptography? • cryptography? = expert in understanding codes. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  8. Cupid is similar to Kamdev of India? • Cupid means European God of love. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  9. There is no and to cupidity? • There is no end to greed (cupidity means greed). AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  10. Girls are general experts in culinary skills. • Change general to generally. • Culinary means related to cooking. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  11. She cuddled her mother. • She cuddled up to her mother. • Cuddled means to hug and hold together. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  12. She is curtness. • She is curt. • Curt means rude and brief. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  13. I dangled the prospect of promote before him. • Change promote to promotion • Dangled here means to offer some temptation (something attractive). AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  14. BM is a Dandy boy. Is he? • Change is he to isn’t he? • Dandy means someone who wears fashionable dress and cares for dress. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  15. It was a dastard event. • Change dastard to dastardly • Dastardly means very wicked (bad). AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  16. I work from dawn to dusk. • Change to to till • Dawn till dusk means from morning to evening AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  17. Vivek can’t listen to dawn chorus, because he get up late. • Change get to gets • Dawn chorus means birds singing early in the morning. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  18. I daunted by the thought of ghost. • I was daunted by the thought of ghost. • Daunted means worried AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  19. He came at the dead of the night. • He came at the dead of night. • Dead of night means in the middle of night. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  20. India had a debacle in the world cup Hockey. • No error • Debacle means severe failure. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  21. Tsunami decimate many island. • Tsunami decimated many islands. • Decimate means to destroy a large part of some area. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  22. He is a very deceit person. • He is a very deceitful person. • Deceitful means deceiving / cheating others. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  23. We are witnessing decadent in politics. • We are witnessing decadence in politics. • Decadence means moral degradation AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  24. Politicians have debunked. • Politicians have not come upto our expectations. • Debunk means to show that reputation of a person is false. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  25. Why are you defiant in manners. • Why do you have defiant manners. • Defiant means refusing to obey. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  26. Who will defrayed my expenses. • Who will defray me. • (defray means to compensate for the money spent). AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  27. He is exhaust from fit of delirium • He is exhausted from fits of delirium • Exhaust means tired • Delirium means mental disturbance. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  28. What can you do for ozone depletion. • What can you do to prevent ozone depletion? • Depletion means constant reduction. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  29. Vajpai denounced government handling crisis. • Vajpai denounced government’s handling of the crisis. • Denounced means public criticism AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  30. Sunil has a demurely smile on his façade. • Sunil has a demure smile on his face • Demure means serious • Façade means face (use face for human beings). AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  31. It has been a despicably act. • It has been a despicable act. • Despicable means very bad. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  32. Tilok want to eat all the deserts. • Tilok wants to eat all the desserts. • Dessert means sweets served after meal. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  33. This solder has dessert. • This soldier has deserted • Desert means to run away AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  34. He had a diabolic plan just now. • He has a diabolic plan just now. • Diabolic means very wicked. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  35. In business, the devil takes the hindmost. • In business, the devil take the hindmost. • The idiom : the devil takes the hindmost – means to take care of oneself and not to bother about others. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  36. I had a dice situation • I had a dicey situation • Dicey means risky AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  37. Muslim womans wear diaphanous veil • Muslim women wear diaphanous veil • Diaphanous means transparent • Veil means GHUNGHAT AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  38. Jyoti and Shruti diffidents girls. • Jyoti and Shruti are diffident girls. • Diffident means able and competent, but lacking in confidence. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  39. Sumit is a dipsomaniac boy. • Sumit is a dipsomaniac (who drinks a lot). AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  40. This comapany are in dired strait. • This company is in dire straits. • Dire straits means in a very difficult situaiton. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  41. Prateek disconcert everyone with questions. • Prateek disconcerts everyone with questions. • Disconcert means to confuse / to embarrass. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  42. Can Manmohan disentangle from Sonia? • Can Manmohan disentangle himself from Sonia? • Disentangle means to get separated. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  43. Ditch • To cheat AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  44. Divulge • To reveal a secret AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  45. Dolt • I am a dolt • A dolt person is not liked by any person • Dolt means STUPID AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  46. Double entendre • Many hindi words have double entendre. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  47. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  48. Dorsal • Back side AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  49. Downcast • Why are you looking so downcast • Looking downward AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

  50. Dough • Make a dough from flour • Don’t you know how to make bread from dough. AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

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