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EOC Test Preparation: International Expansion and Conflict

EOC Test Preparation: International Expansion and Conflict. Reasons for Expansion. Economics Imperialism Set up colonies abroad Capitalism More markets and resources abroad would make the US wealthy Defense National defense Alfred T. Mahan and The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

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EOC Test Preparation: International Expansion and Conflict

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  1. EOC Test Preparation:International Expansion and Conflict

  2. Reasons for Expansion • Economics • Imperialism • Set up colonies abroad • Capitalism • More markets and resources abroad would make the US wealthy • Defense • National defense • Alfred T. Mahan and The Influence of Sea Power Upon History • The US military developed a navy that was one of the most powerful in the world

  3. Reasons for Expansion • Nationalism • National pride • Manifest Destiny • Social Darwinism • Racism and The White Man’s Burden • Rudyard Kipling

  4. Reasons for Expansion • Isolationism • Not in the best interest of the US to gain control on foreign territories • Still see this debate today

  5. Expansion • Seward’s Folly • Sec. of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 • People thought it was foolish • Seward recognized this as a move to push Russia farther away from the US coast • Seward was concerned about British control of Canada • Seward was also sure that Alaska had valuable natural resources

  6. Expansion • Hawaii (1898) • Pearl Harbor • Important naval base • Sugar plantations • Other natural resources

  7. Foreign Policy • All eyes on China • Open Door Policy • Left China open for US trade and commerce • Boxer Rebellion • Chinese nationalists against foreign interference • Killed 300 foreigners and Christians

  8. Foreign Policy • Japan • Theodore Roosevelt concerned with Japanese attacks in the Pacific • Sends American navy out to flaunt power in an attempt to keep Japan from attacking American territories • Later Roosevelt will win a Nobel Peace Prize for ending the Russo-Japanese War

  9. The Panama Canal • Roosevelt believes a canal across Panama would be crucial to US military and economic interests • Philippians, Hawaii, Guam • Colombia controlled Panama and would not sell/lease the land • 1903-Panamanians revolted and Roosevelt sent navy to help

  10. Roosevelt Corollary • Big Stick Diplomacy • Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far. • Corollary built on the Monroe Doctrine • Europe wouldn’t colonize in the Western hemisphere • Roosevelt furthered this by saying the US would intervene if a nation was struggling to pay off debt

  11. Other Diplomacy Strategies • William Taft • Dollar Diplomacy • Focused on US investment, not military strength • Woodrow Wilson • Moral/Missionary Diplomacy • Foreign policy based on the role of the US to promote democracy and progress

  12. Long Term Causes of WWI • “MAIN” • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

  13. Short Term Cause of WWI • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Archduke of Austria-Hungary • Visiting Bosnia • Radicals (“Black Hand”) of Bosnia believed the land belonged to Serbia, not Austria-Hungary

  14. US Neutrality in WWI • Wilson declared that the US would remain neutral • Isolationism

  15. US Enters WWI • Central Powers • Germany and its allies • Triple Entente • Great Britain and its allies • US was supplying both sides, but mostly the Triple Entente • The Lusitania • U-boats sunk the ship in 1915 • Americans support war, very anti-German

  16. US Enters WWI • The Zimmerman Telegram • Intercepted by England • Stated that Germany and Mexico should form an alliance • Criticized Wilson; weak leader • America officially enters war in April 1917

  17. US Involvement in the War • Trench Warfare • Diseases • Morale • Selective Service Act • New weapons made war horrific

  18. Turning Points in WWI • Russia leaves the war • Low morale • 2 million dead • Famine at home • March 1917: Russian Revolution • New republic created but… • Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin took over country and established communist rule

  19. Turning Points in WWI • US Troops and Paris • B/c Russia was no longer a threat to Germany, they focused on France • Made it within 50 miles of Paris • Marines were able to fight off the Germans and saved Paris • Allies used a new weapon, the tank, to push through German lines. • Germans signed an armistice in late 1918

  20. Events Following the War • Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” • Reduction in weapons • Right to govern oneself for ethnic groups • League of Nations • US did not join • “Peace w/o victory” • This was ignored…did it lead to WWII?

  21. Events Following the War • Treaty of Versailles • June 1919 • Germany took full responsibility for war • Reparations

  22. Actions within the US • War Industries Board • Wilson established this • Kept peace within the nation’s economy and businesses during the war • Committee on Public Information • Encouraged public support for US war effort • Espionage and Sedition Acts • Fines and jail time for those that were seen as hurting the US war effort • Constitutional??

  23. 1920 Election • Warren G. Harding and a “return to normalcy”

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