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World War I

World War I. Chapter 19. The US Enters the War. Section 1. A. Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy. The Mexican Revolution. Wilson opposed imperialism Believed US should promote democracy. The Mexican Revolution. A series of revolutions from 1911 to 1913 made Mexico unstable.

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World War I

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  1. World War I Chapter 19

  2. The US Enters the War Section 1

  3. A. Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy

  4. The Mexican Revolution • Wilson opposed imperialism • Believed US should promote democracy

  5. The Mexican Revolution • A series of revolutions from 1911 to 1913 made Mexico unstable

  6. The Mexican Revolution • 1914- US sailors arrested in Mexico • US demands an apology

  7. The Mexican Revolution • Wilson sends troops to Vera Cruz • New government of Mex. is friendly to US

  8. The Punitive Expedition • Anti-US Mexicans begin to attack American towns • Poncho Villa- leader • Attacks Columbus, NM

  9. The Punitive Expedition • Wilson sends US troops (John Pershing) to catch Villa • Eventually recalled in 1917

  10. The Punitive Expedition • Damaged US foreign relations

  11. B. Causes of WWI

  12. The Alliance System • Late 1800s, creation of Germany upsets balance of power in Europe • Countries form alliances to protect them selves from attack

  13. The Alliance System Two Alliance: • Triple Entente • Triple Alliance

  14. Imperialism • practice of powerful nations establishing colonies in less powerful nations

  15. The Arms Race • build up of the military to prepare for war or to compete with another country • Germany & GB compete for naval supremacy

  16. Nationalism • Feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland

  17. Nationalism • Nationalist want self determination- people should have their own nation for their group

  18. The Balkan Crisis • Balkans had been ruled by Ottomans & Austria-Hungary • Wanted own nation • Serbs 1st Balkan nation to have independence

  19. The Balkan Crisis • Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia • Made Serbs mad

  20. The Balkan Crisis • Heir of A-H (Archduke Franz Ferdinand) visits Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia • Assassinated by Serbian nationalist (Gavrilo Princip)

  21. The Balkan Crisis • A-H declares war on Serbia • Rest of Europe prepare for war

  22. The Two Sides • Allies (Great Britain, France, Russia, later US)

  23. The Two Sides • Central Powers- • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

  24. Schlieffen Plan • proposed attacking France through Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg

  25. Schlieffen Plan • on 2nd August 1914, the German army invaded Luxembourg and Belgium • followed the Schlieffen Plan

  26. Battle of the Marne • First large battle of war • Fr. & Br. stopped Germans 30 miles from Paris • Armies dug trenches and settled into stalemate

  27. C. Stalemate

  28. War on the Western Front • Western Front- GB & Fr. v Germany • Goal is to bleed each side white

  29. Battle of Verdun • considered the greatest and lengthiest in world history • Feb. 21 1916 to Dec 19 1916 • estimated 700,000 casualties • Germ. attack Fr. forts at Verdun

  30. Battle of the Somme • July 1916 • Wanted to pull Germans from Verdun • 20,000 British died in one day

  31. D. American Neutrality

  32. Americans Take Sides • Wilson declared the US would be neutral • Most Am. favored the allies

  33. Americans Take Sides • Wilson’s cabinet was pro-British • British used propaganda to get Am. on their side

  34. E. Moving Toward War

  35. The British Blockade • GB stopped ships from going to Germany • GB needs supplies from US & colonies

  36. U-Boats • Germans deploy U-boats to sink Allied ships & break blockade • U-boat- unterseeboot- Submarine

  37. U-Boats • May 1915, German subs sank the Lusitania • 128 Americans died • many Americans wanted war

  38. The Sussex Pledge • March 1916, Ger. U-boats sank the unarmed French vessel, the Sussex • Germany promised to end surprise attacks on merchant ships

  39. Election of 1916 • Wilson reelected in 1916- slogan, “HE KEPT US OUT OF WAR”

  40. US Declares War • Jan 1917- Zimmermann Telegram • From Germany to Mexico • proposed that Mexico attack the United States Zimmermann Telegram

  41. US Declares War • Germany returns to unlimited submarine warfare • Trying to “starve” allies before the US can get involved

  42. War! US Declares War • April 1917- U.S. declared WAR!

  43. US Declares War • Wilson saw America's entry as making the world safe for democracy

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