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Organelles

Between the cell membrane and the nucleus lies the ______________ (SIET – oh –PLAZ – uhm), which contains the various organelles of the cell The organelles are surrounded in a jelly like watery fluid called the __________________ (SIET – oh –SAWL ) Dissolved in the cytosol are the :.

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Organelles

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  1. Between the cell membrane and the nucleus lies the ______________ (SIET – oh –PLAZ – uhm), which contains the various organelles of the cell The organelles are surrounded in a jelly like watery fluid called the __________________ (SIET – oh –SAWL ) Dissolved in the cytosol are the : Organelles

  2. Mitochondria • Comes from the Greek mitos, meaning “_________”, and chondrion, meaning “____” • Are the _______ ________of the cell and contain the molecular machinery for the conversion of ________ from the breakdown of ___________ into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy used by all cells. • (MIET – oh –KAHN –dree –uh)

  3. Mitochondria • The energy stored in the high energy ___________ ________of ATP is then available to power cellular functions. • Mitochondria are mostly _________, but some lipid, ______ and ______ are present. • The unique structure of these organelles can be seen under the electron microscope.

  4. DIAGRAM • The metabolic activity of the cell is related to the number of ______ (KRIS-tee) and the number of mitochondria within a cell. • Cells with large amounts of metabolic activity, such as heart muscle/sperm cells, have many well developed mitochondria.

  5. These generally spherical organelles have an ____________________surrounding an inner membrane that folds (cristae) to provide more space for chemical reactions • These reactions are oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport enzymes. • Those big words are just ways that ______ is formed

  6. DIAGRAM • Mitochondria have their own DNA, and new Mitochondria are _______ only when existing ones grow and divide.

  7. Real Diagram - OOOOoooo

  8. RIBOSOMES (RIE-buh-SOHMZ) • Ribosomes are _________ _______composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 80 some different ______________. • Inside the cell’s nucleus _____ and _______ are combined to form _______________ • The Ribosomes are then transported to _____________ • Ribosomes play an important part in the ____________________________

  9. Ribosome's are the _________________organelle in many cells • Ribosome’s do not have an ________ ______________

  10. Images

  11. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)(EN-doh-PLAZ-mikri-TIK-yuh-luhm) • A system of ______________and ____ • The ER functions acts like a ________ for the cell, providing a road for molecules to move form one cell to the other. • The number of ER in a cell depends on the _______________ and can change

  12. Two types of ER • ______________________________ • - (Rough ER) • - has attached ________________ that give it a rough appearance • Is usually in cells that make a large amount of compounds to be ________ from or ___________ to the cell

  13. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum • ________________ • -is not covered with ____________, giving it a _____________ appearance • - Smooth ER is involved with the production of ___________ in gland cells, the control of _________ _________ in muscle cells, and the breakdown of __________ _________ by liver cells.

  14. Real Microscope Image

  15. Golgi Complex (GOHL – jee) • The _______________is responsible for the packaging of _____________ in the cell. • The Golgi is a ____________ _____________ resembling a stack of pancakes. • The Golgi bodies package proteins produced in the __________ and __________ them via the ER. • Proteins within the rough ER bud off and are transported to the Golgi where they are further modified and packaged for export.

  16. All this packaging is necessary so the cell is able to _______________ the protein as 'self'. • If the protein is not recognized the immune system will treat the protein as a foreign body known as an __________________. • When this happens the __________________ undergoes an immune response. • ______________________ that cause disease are recognized as antigens(foreign proteins) and attacked immediately.

  17. In this graphic a protein is produced in a ribosome on the ER and transported to the golgi complex where it is packaged and exported.

  18. Lysosomes(LIE-suh-sohmz) • Are __________________that enclose more than 40 hydrolytic _________________ • These enzymes can digest __________ ____________ _____________ • They may also digest old ___________ and ____________________ that has invaded a cell.

  19. Lysosomes are common in the cells of ________________________, but they are rare in plant cells. • For example, the human hand begins as a solid structure in the embryo. • As the embryo develops, _________________ selectively destroys tissue to form the spaces the spaces between the fingers.

  20. Cytolskeleton • Just as your body needs a _________ to keeps its size and shape, a cell need a structure to maintain its shape and size. • This is called a ________________, a network of long protein strands located in the cytosol. • In addition to providing support, the cytoskeleton helps with the _____________ of organelles with in the cytosol.

  21. Microfilaments and Microtubules • Two major components of the cytolskeleton are _______________________________. • ___________________are threads made of a protein called __________________. • Each microfilament is made of many actins molecules that are linked together to form a polymer chain. • The microfilaments help with cell movement and play a role in the ____________________.

  22. Microtubules • _______________that extend outward from a central point near the nucleus to various cites near the cell membrane. • These tubules will bundle together to form spindle fibres • Spindle fibres help with the movement of _________________ during cell division • When cell division is ________ they unbundle, and continue to provide support for cell.

  23. Cilia and Flagella • ____________ ( SIL-ee-uh0 • _______________ (fluh-JEL-uh) • Are ____________ organelles that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement. • If these organelles are ___________________ ____________ on the cell they are called cillia • If they are ______________________on a cell they are called flagella

  24. Cillia • The ____________________of many single celled organisms are covered with cillia. • The movements of these cillia help these tiny organism ______ through the water to search for food and escape predators. • Also found in _________________ organisms, • The cells of your respiratory tract are covered with _________, these help to move particles and debris you inhale back to your throat.

  25. Flagella • On many cells, including sperm cells they have only ______________that they can whip back and forth to move. • Cillia and Flagella have a similar structure . • Both organelles are composed of _____________________ of microtubules arranged around a central pair

  26. Cillia

  27. Flagella

  28. Assignment • 1. Write the main purpose of each organelles looked at today. • 2. What structural feature do cilia and flagella have in common.

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