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Cellular Organelles

Cellular Organelles. …a “division of labour”. Animal Cell. Guess the organelle!. Tiny & oval shaped…

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Cellular Organelles

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  1. Cellular Organelles …a “division of labour”

  2. Animal Cell

  3. Guess the organelle! • Tiny & oval shaped… • Provide body with needed energy in a process called “respiration” whereby sugar molecules are combined with oxygen to form carbon dioxide & water…as the products are formed, energy is released. • “power plant” of cell

  4. Mitochondrion

  5. Guess the organelle! • Cell growth & reproduction require the constant synthesis of proteins… • Proteins are the molecules that make up cell structure… • Measure just 20 nm in length… • Which organelles are responsible for the synthesis of proteins?

  6. Guess the organelle! • Series of canals that carry materials throughout the cytoplasm… • The membranes can appear either rough or smooth… • rER is highly developed in cells of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes • sER is free of ribosomes & is the area in which fats or lipids are synthesized

  7. Guess the organelle! • The “pancake-like” structures are actually membranous sacs piled up on top of each other… • Protein molecules from the rER are stored within this apparatus… • The packaged protein membranes move towards the cell membrane & fuse with the membrane to be released as vesicles (exocytosis)

  8. Division of Labor example... • Proteins reach the end of the ER • A sac forms around the proteins • Now called a vesicle • Vesicle breaks away from the ER and moves towards the nearest sac of the Golgi body • Vesicle fuses & empties protein molecules into the Golgi body

  9. Division of Labor example... • Proteins pass from one sac to another in vesicles formed from the Golgi complex (“mail must be sorted when it comes into the post office”) • Many membranes present in cells are interchangeable…they can be recycled from one part of the cell to another (same basic structure)

  10. Guess the organelle! • Formed by the Golgi bodies • Sac-like structures that contain digestive enzymes which break down large molecules & cell parts within the cytoplasm… • The swelling & pain associated with arthritis have been linked to the seepage of this organelle…cortisone is thought to strengthen this organelles membrane.

  11. Guess the organelle! • Tiny threadlike fibers that transport materials throughout the cytoplasm… • Made of protein • 2 types • One is smaller than the other…

  12. Special Structure of Plants! • The organelles discussed to this point are found in BOTH plant & animal cells • Plant cells differ in that they can produce their own food using specialized organelles called PLASTIDS • The vacuole is a fluid-filled space that occupies much of the cytoplasm. It is a storage space for sugars, minerals, & proteins.

  13. Special Structure of Plants! • Most plant cells are surrounded by a nonliving cell wall made of cellulose. • Protects & supports the plant cell.

  14. A loss of turgor pressure results in wilting plants

  15. Plastids • Chloroplasts specialize in photosynthesis; green pigment chlorophyll

  16. Chromoplasts store the orange & yellow pigments found in numerous plants.

  17. Plastids • Amyloplasts are storehouses for starch (potato tubers & seeds) • Colorless plastids

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