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Cellular Organelles

Cellular Organelles. Like jobs in a factory. Cells are like machines that perform specialized tasks. Red Blood Cells carry oxygen around the body Neurons (brain cells) send electrical signals around the brain White blood cells attack invaders and defend the body

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Cellular Organelles

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  1. Cellular Organelles Like jobs in a factory

  2. Cells are like machines that perform specialized tasks • Red Blood Cells carry oxygen around the body • Neurons (brain cells) send electrical signals around the brain • White blood cells attack invaders and defend the body • Muscles cells contract and relax to move the body (or pump blood)

  3. All animal cells have similar structures called organelles

  4. Like jobs in a factory, cellular organelles perform certain functions

  5. The Cell Membrane • The cell membrane is the boundary that separates the cell from the outside world • It REGULATES what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support • It is the Shipping / Receiving Department of the cell!

  6. The Cytoplasm • The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell membrane that surrounds all the cellular organelles. • It is the factory floor of the cell!

  7. The Nucleus • Contains most of the DNA in the cell • Issues instructions to build proteins via the genetic code on strands of copied DNA (called RNA). • The CEO of the cell!

  8. The Ribosomes • Ribosomes read the instructions encoded on RNA (copied from DNA) sent out by the nucleus to BUILD PROTIENS • They are small organelles that float around the cytoplasm and attach themselves to the endoplasmic reticulum • They are the workers of the cell!

  9. The Endoplasmic Reticulum • The ER is a membrane inside the cell where ribosomes attach themselves to build proteins • There is a rough and a smooth ER (rough has Ribosomes and smooth doesn’t) • The ER is the assembly line of the cell!

  10. The Golgi Apparatus • Once proteins are finished by the ribosomes over at the ER, they move to the golgi apparatus • The function of the golgi is to modify, sort, and package proteins for storage in the cell or transportation out of the cell • The golgi is the finishing / packaging department of the cell!

  11. The Lysosomes • Lysosomes are small organelles filled with enzymes that breakdown lipids, carbohydrates and proteins when they are no longer needed. • Lysosomes are the maintenance or clean-up crew of the cell!

  12. The Mitochondria • Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into ATP, which can be used as instant energy inside the cell (ATP is like cellular electricity) • Billions of years ago mitochondria were an independent organism (they still have their own DNA) • Mitochondria are the power plants of the cell!

  13. The Chloroplasts • Found only in plants, chloroplasts capture the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. • Chloroplasts are the solar panels of the cell! • We will return to this next week…

  14. Animations • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IqsE8CVTms&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM2X1c4K1x0

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