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4. Effective listening

AL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES. 4. Effective listening. Lecture by Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine based on Clella Jaffe ’s Public Speaking. Effective listening. A good listener is a good speaker

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4. Effective listening

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  1. AL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES 4. Effective listening Lecture by Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine based on Clella Jaffe’s Public Speaking

  2. Effective listening • A good listener is a good speaker • Learn how to listen and you will prosper, even from those who talk badly • Be a selfish listener

  3. 1. Listening Skills are valuable • 1. Problem = Listening • 2. Strategies to improve (solve) (problem) listening

  4. 1. Listening Skills are valuable • Listening is the communication skill we use most and study least • Listening is hard work • Good speakers should develop good listening skills to make critical listening one of their most valuable assets

  5. 1. Listening Skills are valuable • Why should we develop good listening habits and skills? • 1. We listen most: because we listen so much, we will be more productive, if we do it well • 2. Good listening skills are good job skills • 3. Listening empowers people and aids social capital (relationship)

  6. 2. Barriers to Listening • The process of listening involves a number of difficulties • Cultural • Linguistic • personal

  7. 2.1 Cultural Barriers • A person, who is not aware of the cultural context, can not fully grasp the speaker’s cultural allusions, including historical, literary and religious sources (Joke) • The professional speaker should be sensitive to these differences and explain allusions or choose areas of common knowledge

  8. 2.2 Linguistic Barriers • The potential for linguistic misunderstandings is great because of • 1. Language differences • 2. Vocabulary Differences

  9. 2.2.1 Language differences • A shared language is vital for understanding • Interpretation (translations) is needed, if the listener does not understand (decode) the speaker’s language • Accents and dialects can hinder the listener's ability to distinguish the words he/she hears

  10. 2.2.2 Vocabulary Differences • If the speaker uses field-specific terminology (jargon?), the listener will not be able to understand the meaning of the words

  11. 2.3 Personal Barriers • A number of personal factors can hinder your listening • Physical factors • Physiological factors

  12. 2.3 Personal Barriers • Physical factors: • Hearing loss • Sleep deprivation • Hunger pangs • Can affect the ability of the listener to focus on the speech

  13. 2.3 Personal Barriers • Psychological factors: • Just had an argument with a friend • Have a test coming up in your next class • Your bank account is overdrawn • Can obstruct your listening

  14. 2.3 Personal Barriers • Stereotypes and prejudiced: • When you have a stereotypes, you listen to the speaker with pre-formed judgments, which may be either positive or negative

  15. 3. Strategies to improve Listening • How can we develop critical listening skills • 3.1 Use cultural and mental schemas to organize and understand message, because they follow a somewhat predictable patterns • 3.2 Identify listening goals • For each type of listening, you shift your strategies to face your listening goals more effectively

  16. 3.1 Improve your Comprehension • Comprehensive listening or listening to learn is a vital skill in many areas of life • Several techniques can help improve listening • Prepare in advance • Use attention directing strategies • Enhance the meaning • Look for organizational patterns • Use strategies that complete your personal learning style • Do not ignore the speaker’s manner

  17. 3.2 Improve your Critical Listening Skills • Critical listening implies that listeners should not believe everything they hear (examples) • Critical listening skills builds on comprehensive listening

  18. 4 Practice Dialogical Listening • 4.1. Give Appropriate Nonverbal Feedback • While listening to a public speech, you provide feedback, often nonverbal but sometimes verbal • Posture • Distance • Movements

  19. 4 Practice Dialogical Listening • 4.2 Give Appropriate Verbal Feedback • Verbal feedback is direct since you interact with the speaker • The listener should write his/her comments or questions in order to ask the speaker during the question-and-answer period

  20. 5. Different types of questions • 4.2.1 Loaded Questions • 4.2.2 Closed Questions • 4.2.3 Open questions • 4.2.4 Clarification Questions • 4.2.5 Requests for Elaboration • 4.2.6 Comments

  21. Improve your listening skills: • Identify your listening problems and work to correct them. • Motivate yourself to get everything you can out of messages. • Put problems and biases aside so that you can listen more effectively. • Control your reactions to trigger words and other distractions. • Postpone judgments until you have heard all a speaker has to say. • Don’t try to write down everything a speaker says. • Listen for the main ideas.

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