Social Cognitive Learning

1. Social Cognitive Learning The role of observation, expectation, social experience and modeling on learning behaviors: Ultimate outcome  Self-control

2. Social Cognitive Learning • Basic Assumptions • People can learn by observing others. • Learning is an internal process that may or may not result in a behavior change. • Behavior is directed toward particular goals. • Behavior eventually becomes self-regulated. • Reinforcement and punishment have indirect rather than direct effects on learning and behavior.

3. Social Cognitive Learning • Reinforcement & Punishment (331) • 5 Cognitive Features that influence behavior • Expectations of future consequences & responses based on current situation/s • Vicarious experiences of others’ consequences • Expectations about future consequences affect how we cognitively process of new information • Expectations affect decisions about how to behavior • Nonoccurrence of expected consequences have effects

4. Social Cognitive Learning • Modeling & Models • Live models & Symbolic models • Behaviors that can be learned: Research evidence • Academic skills: Cognitive modeling • Aggression • Morality

5. Bandura’s Research: Bobo Doll Experiments • Background on Bandura & the research: • Bandura speaks • http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=%22Bobo+doll%22&hl=en • http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~aja05001/comps/documents/TheoristPaper_ARTINO_final.pdf • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2953790276071699877&q=%22Bobo+doll%22&hl=en • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobo_doll_experiment • Bobo adaptations • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeE_Ymzc1rE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Va__eTyh4a8

6. Social Cognitive Learning • Modeling & Models: How models affect behavior • 4 features • Observational Learning Effect • Acquiring new behavior from model • Response Facilitation Effect • Increased frequency of learned behavior after model is reinforced for same behavior • Response Inhibition Effect • Decreased frequency of learned behavior after observing punished model • Response Disinhibition Effect • Return of inhibited response after observing model behave w/o adverse consequences

7. Social Cognitive Learning • 4 Characteristics of Effective Models • Competence • Prestige/Power • Gender-appropriate behavior • Situational relevance (model to learner) • Identify an experience in your life in which you learned from a model: Which of these attributes fit your experience?

8. Social Cognitive Learning • 4 aspects of helping students learn from models • Attention • Retention • Motor Reproduction • Motivation • Categorize the above features as: • Cognitive; Affective; Kinesthetic

9. Social Cognitive Learning • 4 aspects of helping students learn from models • Attention • Cognitive • Retention • Cognitive • Motor Reproduction • Kinesthetic • Motivation • Affective

10. Social Cognitive Learning • Self-Efficacy: Self-constructed judgment about ability to execute behaviors/reach goals • Principle: • People tend to engage in activities based on their sense of competence &/or past success • Increased probability of choosing specific future behavior • Affects Behavior & Cognition in 4 ways: • Activity choice • Goal setting • Effort & persistence • Learning & achievement

11. Social Cognitive Learning • Developing Self-Efficacy: 4 factors • Own past success/failure experiences • “Messages” from others • Relationship to “other” • Support &/or interfere • Direct &/or implied • Observed past success/failure experiences of others • Group past success/failure experiences: Collective self-efficacy

12. Social Cognitive Learning • Promoting High Self-Efficacy: 4 factors • Competence promoting feedback • Mastery on challenging tasks • Success in terms of improvement/accomplishment • Errors occur within context of success

13. Social Cognitive Learning • Self-Regulation • Behavior • Learning • Problem solving

14. Social Cognitive Learning • Self-Regulation & Behavior • 5 Features • Self-determined goals & standards: • Before response • Self-instruction: During response • Self-monitoring: During response • Self-evaluation: After response • Self-imposed contingencies: After response

15. Social Cognitive Learning • Self-Regulation & Learning: Cognitive Processes • 8 Features • Goal-setting • Planning • Attention control • Applications of learning strategies • Self-motivational strategies • Outside help when needed • Self-monitoring • Self-evaluation • Co-regulated learning: Bridging other- and self-regulated learning • Developmental process of supporting self-regulation

16. Social Cognitive Learning • Self-Regulation & Problem solving • Overt & intentional PS model • Must be taught, practiced, supported

17. Social Cognitive Learning • Reciprocal Causation of Behavior & Learning • Interdependence of • Environment • Behavior • Person • T. 10.3 (358): Interrelationship examples

18. Social Cognitive Learning • Models in teaching • Describe a situation in which you are a model for a specific learning outcome, academic or otherwise, for a specific learner/learning group • Consider the 4 characteristics of effective models • Prestige; Competence; Situational Relevance; Gender • Identify how you would address the 4 factors believed to contribute to the “modeling effect” • Attention • Retention • Reproduction • Motivation