Geography: Contemporary India-II Minerals & Power Resources

1. Geography: Contemporary India-II Minerals&PowerResources

2. Question Bank

3. Very Short Answer Type

4. What is the ore of lead called? Give three uses of lead. The ore of lead is called galena. Three uses of lead are- (i)electrical industry as it is bad conductor of heat. (ii) used as constituent in alloys. (iii) lead oxide is used in cable covers, ammunition plants, glass and rubber making.

5. Mention two types of good quality iron ore. Write two major producing states of iron ore. Two types of good quality iron ores are- (i) Magnetite (ii) Haematite Two major producing states are- Jharkhand and Chattisgarh.

6. Write four uses of manganese ore. Four uses of Manganese ore are- (i) Making iron and steel (ii) Bleaching powder (iii) Insecticides (iv) Paints

7. What are two types of metallic minerals? Give one example of each. Two types of metallic minerals are- (i) Ferrous minerals which contain iron. e.g. iron ore, manganese ore, nickel. (ii) Non-ferrous minerals are gold, silver, lead, tin.

8. What are conventional sources of energy? Give two examples. Conventional sources of energy are coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity.

9. Why is coal often called ‘black gold’? Give two reasons. Coal is often called ‘black gold’ because- (i) It is prime source of energy. (ii) It is used as a raw material mainly for chemical industry.

10. Give two points of difference between metallic and non-metallic minerals. Metallic a) These minerals contain metals. b) These are found in igneous rocks. Non-metallic a) They do not contain metals. b) These are found sedimentary rocks.

11. What are non-conventional sources of energy? Give two examples. Non-conventional sources of energy are solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, atomic energy and biogas. These sources are new and not so commonly used.

12. Why is iron ore called backbone of modern civilization? Give two reasons. Iron ore is called the backbone of modern civilization because- (i) It is a metal of universal use. (ii) It is used for the manufacturing of machines, agricultural implements and items of general use.

13. What are non-ferrous metals? Give two examples. Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron. e.g. gold, silver, copper, lead and bauxite.

14. Give two points of differences between L.P.G and C.N.G.? L.P.G (i) It is liquefied petroleum gas. (ii) It is used in household. • C.N.G • It is compressed natural gas. • It is used in vehicles.

15. Name two minerals in which India is rich and two minerals in which India is deficient. Two minerals in which India is rich are iron ore, mica, bauxite. Two minerals in which India is deficient are gold, silver, copper, lead.

16. How is energy an indispensable requirement of modern life? Explain with two examples. Energy is an indispensable requirement in modern life for running the machines, as a energy resource in industries and as fuel in vehicles. For example, coal is needed in smelting iron, petroleum is used as fuel in automobiles.

17. Write briefly two merits of water as a source of power. Two merits of water as a source of power are- (i) Renewable resource. (ii) Eco-friendly source of water.

18. State any three successful applications of solar energy in our life. (i) It is renewable, pollution free and abundant. (ii) It has vast potential for the production. (iii) It is mainly used in rural areas for pumping water, lighting homes.

19. What is a mineral? Minerals are naturally occurring substances on earth’s crust having definite chemical composition or internal structure. They can be as hard as diamond or soft as talc.

20. How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks? Minerals occur in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks mainly in cracks, crevices and faults or joints. When the occurrence is thin and small it is called as veins but when its occurrence is large and thick it is called lodes.

21. Why do we need to conserve mineral resources? (i) Minerals are non-renewable and exhaustible. (ii) Minerals are unevenly distributed. (iii) They are needed for industrial and economic development.

22. Describe any two facts regarding the importance of bauxite. Name four major states which are known for its production. Bauxite is an ore from which aluminium is extracted. Aluminium is used in the manufacture of aeroplanes, utencils and other household goods. Four leading producers are Orissa, Gujrat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

23. Short Answer Type

24. Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain with any two steps of conserving minerals. • Mineral resources are non-renewable. They are exhaustible and need to be conserved in the following ways- • Use them in planned way. • Wastage in the process of mining and processing should be reduced. • Use of substitutes. • Encourage recycling of metals.

25. Explain any four points of importance of non-conventional sources of energy. • Importance of non-conventional sources of energy are- (i) These resources are abundant and renewable. (ii) It is pollution free. (iii) It is cheaper and eco-friendly. (iv) It’s setting up is localised.

26. Suggest any four measures for conservation of energy resources. • Four measures of conservation of energy resources are- • Use more public transport system. • Switch off whenever electricity is not required. • Use power saving devices. • Emphasize on greater use of non-conventional sources of energy.

27. What are the four types of coal? Write one main characteristic of each. • Four types of coal are: • Anthracite: contains more than 80% carbon. It is hard, black and compact. It gives more heat. • Bituminous: it contains 60% and 80% of carbon. It is widely used. • Lignite: it contains 60% carbon. It is low quality coal and is known as ‘brown coal’. • Peat: it contains less than 60% of carbon. It burns like wood. Gives more smoke. Gives less heat.

28. Explain four advantages of non-conventional sources of energy over conventional sources of energy. • Importance of non-conventional sources of energy are- (i) These resources are abundant and renewable. (ii) It is pollution free. (iii) It is cheaper and eco-friendly. (iv) It’s setting up is localised.

29. Describe four demerits of conventional sources of energy. • Four demerits of conventional sources of energy are- • These are limited. • Non-renewable • Pollutes the atmosphere • Expensive

30. Describe four major peculiarities of coal as a source of energy as well as raw material. • Coal is a non-renewable source of energy. • It is limited in its availability. • It leaves a lot of smoke and residue. • Expensive • It pollutes the environment.

31. Describe four uses of non-conventional sources of energy in rural India. • Non-conventional sources of energy are used in rural areas for- • Cooking purpose • As a fodder for animals • As a raw material for producing biogas • Used as natural manure

32. Describe four major features of petroleum. • Petroleum is a mineral fuel, associated with sedimentary formation. • It is used as a fuel. • Liquefied Petroleum Gas is used as a domestic fuel. • It is non-renewable and pollutes the environment on a large scale.

33. Why is solar energy called the energy of the future? Explain with four examples. • Solar energy is a renewable source of energy unlike coal and petroleum. India being a tropical country has ample sunshine throughout the year. India has developed technology for the production and utilization of solar energy. Solar energy is becoming popular in rural areas where it is used for cooking, heating of water, space heating, lighting of homes and streets. In Bhuj district of Gujrat it is used for sterilising milk cans.

34. “Hydel power” is more important source of energy than thermal power? Explain. • Hydel power is a renewable source of energy generated from falling water. Whereas coal, petroleum and natural gas are non-renewable. It is pollution free source of power. Hydel power can be transmitted through wires over long distances and it is the cheapest source of power.

35. State the facts about iron ore found in India. (i) Types of ores: Haematite and Magnetite. (ii) Leading states: Jharkhand and Chattisgarh (iii) Two exporting ports: Vishakapatnam and Marmagoa. (iv) Destination of exports: Japan and Korea.

36. State the facts about coal found in India. (i) India has coal reserves of about 2,14,000 million tons. (ii) The present annual production is 330 million tons. (iii) Leading coal fields are Raniganj in West Bengal and Bokaro in Jharkhand. (iv) Over two third of the coal produced is consumed for generation of thermal power. 10% is used in iron and steel industries.

37. State two main uses of copper. Also mention four copper producing districts of India. • Copper is used in the manufacture of utensils, alloys and electrical wires. Four main copper producing states are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Karnataka.

38. Name the ore from which Aluminium is extracted. State four important uses of it. Name two states where its ore is found. • Bauxite is an ore of aluminium is obtained. Aluminium is used in the manufacture of aeroplanes, utensils, electrical wires and furniture. Two states where Bauxite is found are Jharkhand and Orissa.

39. Long Answer Type

40. What is ‘Energy Conservation Act’? Describe five measures for efficient use of energy. • ‘Energy Conservation Act’ was enacted for conservation of energy in 2001. Five measures for efficient use of energy are: • Use of public transport on a large scale. • Switch off electricity whenever not required. • Use of power saving devices. • Emphasize on greater use of non-conventional sources of energy. • Check power equipments regularly. • Greater use of non-conventional sources of energy.

41. What are non-conventional sources of energy? Why do the non-conventional sources of energy have a bright future? • Non-conventional sources of energy are renewable sources of energy. With increasing demand of energy, the non-conventional sources of energy namely sun, wind, tides, biomass and energy from waste material have gained influence due to the following facts: (i) These are abundantly found. (ii) Renewable (iii) Pollution free (iv) Eco-friendly (v) Cheaper

42. What is the importance of coal as a resource of energy and as a source of raw material? Describe the distribution of coal in India. • Coal is the main source of power generation in India. • About 67% of the country’s requirement of power is met by coal. • It is the prime source of energy in the manufacturing of iron and steel. • It is also used as a raw material in the chemical industry. Distribution of coal: • Anthracite is found in Jammu and Kashmir. • Bituminous is found in Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. • Lignite is found in Rajasthan, Assam and Tamil Nadu.

43. Explain the development of non-conventional sources of energy in India. • Solar energy: Solar energy is a renewable source of energy unlike coal and petroleum. India being a tropical country has ample sunshine throughout the year. India has developed technology for the production and utilization of solar energy. Solar energy is becoming popular in rural areas where it is used for cooking, heating of water, space heating, lighting of homes and streets. In Bhuj district of Gujrat it is used for sterilising milk cans.

44. Wind energy: Wind energy can be used for pumping water, irrigation and generation of electricity. In India many wind farms are located in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Gujrat. • Tidal energy: In India Gulf of Kachchh and Cambay are ideally suited for exploitation of tidal energy.

45. nuclear 2% coal 62% hydro 24% natural gas 10% diesel & wind 2% Installed Capacity of Electricity (1998-99)

46. Electricity consumption (2001- 02)

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