Challenges in the licensing of programmable I&C

1. Challenges in the licensing of programmable I&C Difficulties in the licensing process bring uncertainties in time-schedules and the resources needed! What are the requirements that should be applied? • there is a large diversity in national requirements • deterministic and probabilistic requirements • requirements connected to different safety classes Technical problems in the licensing • system complexity (all intended and no unintended functions) • common cause failures • COTS • unauthorized system access Practical problems in the licensing • what can be considered as evidence of a sufficient quality • if the utility can be happy with the evidence, it should at least in principle be sufficient for a successful licensing process • the licensing process should follow the design process (documents, timing) • the need to re-license an approved solution after a modification A new thinking is needed, i.e. a suitable combination of deterministic and probabilistic approaches