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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Growth of the Thirteenth Colonies. Southern Colonies. Rich soil, warm climate made it ideal for farming Tobacco was most important cash crop High demand for it in Europe Enslaved Africans worked on plantations Main cash crop – rice Relied on slave labor

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Growth of the Thirteenth Colonies

  2. Southern Colonies • Rich soil, warm climate made it ideal for farming • Tobacco was most important cash crop • High demand for it in Europe • Enslaved Africans worked on plantations • Main cash crop – rice • Relied on slave labor • Would be more profitable than tobacco

  3. Southern Colonies • Most large plantations were located in the Tidewater • Crops shipped to market by boats • Each plantation was a self-contained community

  4. Southern Colonies • Enslaves lived on plantations • Treated cruel • 1705, colony of Virginia created slave code • 1. 2. • 3. 4. 5. • Slavery was not supported by all southerners and had less support in the northern colonies

  5. Government, Religion, and Culture • Trouble brewing in England and the colonies • Britain passed several laws to ensure England benefited from trade with the colonies • Colonies accepted at first but later wanted to manufacture own goods

  6. Government, Religion, and Culture • England parliament set many of their own laws for the colonies but many settlers wanted to break free of Britain rule • Colonists brought ideas about government • English system – two principles of government • Limited government and representative government

  7. Government, Religion, and Culture • As colonies grew, town meetings developed into small gov’ts responsible for making laws • 1760s, three types of colonies in America • 1. charter colonies • 2. proprietary colonies • 3. royal coloines

  8. Charter Colonies • Connecticut and Rhode Island • Settlers were given carter – grant of rights and privileges – to establish charter colonies • Elected own governors and members of legislative • Great Britain had rights to approve governor • Governor could not veto acts of legislature

  9. Proprietary Colonies • Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania • Ruled by proprietors – individuals who Britain granted land • Generally free to rule as they wished • Proprietors appointed governor and members of upper legislature house • Colonist elected lower house

  10. Royal Colonies • Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia • Britain directly ruled – appointed governor and council • Colonist elected lower house

  11. Culture • Great Awakening • The New England and Middle Colonies • A return to the strong faith of earlier days • Led to many new churches https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-dk4-HBNWQ

  12. Culture • Family • Men formal head of household and represented family in community • Men worked in fields and built things • Women ran their household and cared for children • Married women were under their husbands authority and had few rights • Widows and women who never married could run businesses and own property but could not vote

  13. Culture • Education • Parents mostly taught children how to read and write • New England and Penn. set up schools to make sure everyone could read and study the Bible • Mass. Puritans passed education laws • 1st college was Harvard College 1636 • Educated colonists were influenced by the Enlightenment • Movement was based upon the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society

  14. Harvard College 1636

  15. France and Britain Clash • France and Britain conflict began in England and carried over to the Americas when territory claims began • Both sides knew that assistance from Native Americans could help them win control of North America • French had advantage - Native allies • French were only interested in fur trading not taking land away from Natives • French missionaries converted many Natives and French married Native women and followed customs

  16. France and Britain Clash • Most powerful group of Natives - Iroquois Confederacy • Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onodaga, Oneida, Iroquois • Iroquois managed to remain independent by trading with both British and French • Eventually would give certain trading rights to British and reluctantly became their allies

  17. Iroquois Confederacy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4_vwKyeG58

  18. France and Britain Clash • British wanted French out of Ohio area • Sent George Washington to tell French they were trespassing on land Great Britain claimed and they must leave • No luck • Washington sent back with a militia instructed to build for by the Ohio River. • French were already building Fort Duquesne • Washington would establish small post nearby – Fort Necessity • Washington would attack French but be outnumbered and surrender

  19. France and Britain Clash • Representatives of some of the colonies met to discuss the threat of war • Defend themselves against French and hope to persuade the Iroquois to support British • Albany Plan of Union • “one general government” • No colony would approve cause they did not give up any of its power • Soon, a full-scale war erupted

  20. French and Indian War • War raged from late 1750s to early 1760s • struggle involved control of world trade and power on the seas • French were building armed forts throughout Great Lakes region and Ohio River valley • had alliances with Natives • early stages of war, British colonies fought French with little help from Great Britain • Britain intervened and appoint a commander in chief, General Edward Braddock, • mission - drive French forces from Ohio Valley region

  21. French and Indian War • 1st attack by Braddock was a failure – Washington would lead troops back to Virginia • Fighting in America led to new war in Europe • Seven Years War • Britain declared war on France and fought in Europe, India, Caribbean and N. America • William Pitt would be Great Britain’s prospect • Avoid arguments from colonists about cost of war, Pitt decided Great Britain would pay no matter cost • He and his commanders would be successful in taking over French forts

  22. French and Indian War • Battle of Quebec • Sept 1759, British did a night attack and surprised British troops and defeated the French army • Treaty of Paris, 1763 • forced France to give Canada and most of its lands east of the Mississippi R. to Great Britain • Great Britain also received Florida from France's ally, Spain • Treaty marked the end of France as a power in North America

  23. Trouble on the Frontier • War between Natives and British would grow more after defeating France. • More settlers wanted to migrate past the Appalachian mountains where previous French rule held • to prevent fighting Britain called a halt to the settlers westward expansion • The Proclamation of 1763 - set the Appalachian Mts as the temporary western boundary for the colonies • this would upset colonists because speculators already bought land west of the mountains

  24. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJ31VuyTWB4

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