Seed Quality Variety life span

1. Seed Quality Variety life span

2. IT ALL BEGINS WITH THE SEED Value Shifts Continue • No longer just a seed… • Planting unit • Technology • Vigor • Protection • Fiber Quality • Additional Traits • $$FRONT END LOADED!!

3. Arkansas Crop Budgets - 2009 • Cost of Technology – • North Arkansas • B2RF - $56.24 • BGRR- $41.93 • Flex - $43.76 • B2LL - $50.40 • South Arkansas • B2RF - $69.68 • BGRR- $54.20 • Flex - $48.00 • B2LL - $56.40 • $15 - 20 more to add 1sd/ft www.aragriculture.org/farmplanning/budgets/default.asp

4. Standard Germination Test Temperature alternates between 20C (68F) for 16 hours and 30C (86F) for 8 hours.

5. Cool Germination Test Temperature constant 18C (64.4F)

6. Cool Germination Test • <50 poor • 50-65 acceptable, use special care • 65-80 good • >80 superior

9. POINT SYSTEM FOR IN-FURROW FUNGICIDES IN COTTON • SOIL TEMPERATURE < 65 = 75 • 5 DAY FORECAST - COLDER & WETTER= 50 • SEED QUALITY - COLD GERM < 59% = 75 • FIELD HISTORY - SEVERE DISEASE = 100 • TILLAGE - MINIMUM TILLAGE = 50 • ROW PREPARATION - BEDS ABSENT = 75 • SEEDING RATE - 3-4/FOOT OF ROW = 100 • IF TOTAL EXCEEDS 100 THEN USE AN IN-FURROW FUNGICIDE - TENNESSEE; 200 - NORTH CAROLINA

10. Keith Edmisten, NCSU, 1999

11. VARIETY SELECTION?(Here We Go AGAIN!!)

13. Why should we replicate? • Account for field VARIATION. • Help determine if results are REPEATABLE. Soil A Soil B Soil C Var C Var B Var A Soil D 3 varieties, 1 replication, moduled plots

14. Var B, Rep 2 Var A, Rep 1 Var A, Rep 2 Var C, Rep 2 Var B, Rep 1 Var C, Rep 1 Why should we replicate? • Account for field VARIATION. • Help determine if results are REPEATABLE. Soil A Soil B Soil C Soil D 3 varieties, 2 replications Long, narrow plots are best

15. Var B, Rep 2 Var A, Rep 1 Var A, Rep 2 Var C, Rep 2 Var B, Rep 1 Var C, Rep 1 Why should we replicate? • Account for field VARIATION. • Help determine if results are REPEATABLE. Soil A Soil B Soil C Soil D Var A, Rep 3 Var C, Rep 3 Var B, Rep 3 3 varieties, 3 replications Long, narrow plots are best

16. COTTON SEED COMPANY MARKET SHARE IN THE SOUTHEAST IN 2009 Seed Co. % Market Share Brand NC SC GA Deltapine 36 72 90 Stoneville 29 8 1 Phytogen 26 6 5 Americot 1 10 5 Dyna-Gro 6 4 0 Fibermax <1 <1 3 Reference: USDA-AMS

17. VARIETIES PLANTED IN SOUTHEAST 2009 NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIA PHY 375WRF – 21 % DPL 555BR – 31% DPL 555BR – 83% ST 4427B2RF – 11% DPL 0935B2RF – 15% PHY 370WR – 3% ST 4554B2RF – 10% AM 1550B2RF – 10% DPL 0935B2RF – 3% DPL 0935B2RF – 8% DPL 0949B2RF – 7% DPL 0949B2RF – 2% DPL 0924B2RF – 7% DPL 0924B2RF – 6% ST 5458B2RF – 1% DPL 555BR – 6% DPL 455BR – 4% PHY 480WR – 1% DG 2570B2RF – 6% DPL 161B2RF – 4% FM 1740B2F – 1 % ST 5327B2RF – 4% DG 2570B2RF – 4% PHY 485WRF – 1 % ALL OTHERS – 27% ALL OTHERS – 19% ALL OTHERS – 5% Reference: USDA-AMS

18. LINT YIELD IN U.S. BETWEEN 1975 AND 2009

19. LINT YIELD RANKINGS (TOP TEN) OF SELECTED VARIETIES IN SOUTHEAST VARIETY TRIALS (NC, SC, GA) – 1998 TO 2009 NO. OF SE % OF TRIALS % OF TRIALS % OF TRIALS VARIETY OVT TRIALS TOP 25% TOP 50% TOP 75% DPL 454 BR 127 72 90 98 DG 2570B2RF 14 71 93 100 DPL 555 BR 205 65 88 96 MN 09R621B2RF 14 64 86 93 DPL 515BR 75 59 80 93 DPL 455 BR 144 58 89 98 DPL 0935B2RF 48 58 71 90 DPL 0920B2RF 14 57 93 100 DPL 0912B2RF 14 57 93 100 PHY 370WR 99 53 80 98

20. http://www.ncovt.com

24. Roundup Varieties -2009

25. Roundup Varieties -2009 continued

26. Where are the DPL class of 2010 varieties?

27. DP09R615            DP1028B2RF DP09R550            DP1032B2RF DP09R999            DP1034B2RF DP09R605            DP1048B2RF DP09R573            DP1050B2RF

29. Cotton Response to Topical Fungicide Application Darrin M. Dodds1 C. L. Main2, L. T. Barber3, J. E. Woodward4, R. Boman4, J. Whitaker5, K. Edmisten6, N. W. Buehring1, and T. Allen1. Mississippi State University1, The University of Tennessee2, University of Arkansas3, Texas AgriLife Extension Service4, University of Georgia5, North Carolina State University6

31. Common Diseases • Alternaria – lesions with brown or purple margins • Older lesions have concentric rings with center falling out in some • Cercospera – small red lesions that enlarge and have white to brown center • Avoid all stress – esp. potassium, destruction of residue • Ascochyta – light brown lesions that coalesce on leaves • Lesion have dark brown borders • Stemphylium - small circular brown lesions with concentric rings • Older lesions have a white center which can drop out. • Helminthosporium leaf spot Sciumbato 2009

32. Fungicide Effects on Hardlock • Yield increases following fungicide application have been observed • Fungicide application when hardlock occurrence is <30% is ineffective • Limited utility of fungicides for control of hardlock • No yield response due to foliar application Jones et al. 2008 Padgett et al. 2007 Mailhot et al. 2008 Woodward et al. 2009

33. Figure 1. Untreated cotton foliage

34. Figure 2. Quadris 6 oz early bloom + 6 oz 21 d.

35. Figure 3. Headline 6 oz early bloom + 6 oz 21 d.

36. Treatments

37. LSD (0.05) = NSD % of Untreated Check Fungicide p = 0.55 6 Locations in 2008 and 2009 Yield

38. Fiber Quality

39. The Effects of Preconditioning Cotton for Defoliation in North Carolina Seth Holt and Keith Edmisten

40. Introduction Cotton with dense canopies often requires defoliating twice – expensive In some cases, a significant portion of acres are mature enough to defoliate, however the picker may not be able to harvest all acres at one time Fromme et al., (2003) investigated preconditioning cotton for defoliation

41. Introduction Early, mild preconditioning defoliation treatments could… • Promote rapid defoliation • Remove older leaves for a more complete defoliation • Promote an earlier harvest, cleaner fiber, reduce weathering potential

42. Objectives To investigate the effects of various hormonal and herbicidal defoliants for preconditioning cotton for defoliation To determine optimal rate(s) of these chemistries for optimal preconditioning defoliation

43. Materials and Methods • VA (2007), NC (2007 & 2008) • Aggressive varieties = ST 6611 B2RF (2007) and DP 164 B2RF (2008) at 4 sd/ft • on-farm location in Duplin County, NC – high moisture soils fertilized with 6 tons/A poultry litter Preconditioning treatments: • Non-treated control • No Preconditioning trt • Prep (5.3, 10.6, 16 and 21.2 oz/A) • Def (4 and 8 oz/A) • ET (1 and 2 oz/A)

44. Materials and Methods Standard defoliation treatment: Def 8 oz/A Prep 1.3 pt/A Dropp 0.1 lbs a.i. /A • All preconditioning and defoliation treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer with 110-02 flat-fan nozzles, calibrated to deliver 15 GPA • Randomized complete block design containing 4 replications • Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS v. 9.1.3 and means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD at P< 0.05

45. % Defoliation 7 Days After Standard(14 Days After Pre-conditioning) VA – 2007 LSD = 6.3 A AB B BC D CD E F

46. % Defoliation 7 Days After Standard(14 Days After Pre-conditioning) NC – 2007 LSD = 10.9 A A AB AB AB A B C

47. % Defoliation 7 Days After Standard(14 Days After Pre-conditioning) NC - 2008 LSD = 9.1 A AB ABC ABC BC BC C C D E

48. % Defoliation 14 Days After Standard(21 Days After Pre-conditioning) All locations LSD = 6.8 A A A A AB AB B C

49. % Defoliation 14 Days After Standard(21 Days After Pre-conditioning) NC - 2008 LSD = 7.2 A AB AB B AB AB AB AB C D

50. % Regrowth 21 Days After Standard(28 Days After Pre-conditioning) NC - 2007 LSD = 11.4 A B BC BC BC BC C C