Joints

1. Joints • __________/ _____________are the functional junctions between ______that are formed wherever ___or more _______meet. • Classified according to the __________type: • Grouped according to the range of _______________possible at the junctions between __________.

2. Fibrous Joints • ____________connective tissue holds the joint together and contains many ____________ fibers. • Found where bones ____close together. • Movement- ____________________________________ Types of Fibrous joints: ____________________– ____________, bones are bound by long fibers of connective tissue, found at __________ends of tibia & fibula, bound by interosseous ligament

3. ____________– ______________, found only between _____ bones of _________, connected by ___________ligament ____________– _______________, formed by union of a ___________ shaped bony process in a bony ____________, fastens ___________to ____________, joined by ____________ ligament

4. Cartilaginous Joints Types of Cartilaginous joints: __________________– temporary joints formed by ____________ cartilage; ossify by age ___ years; ____________; (Ex.- epiphyseal plate, ____________ & first rib) • Bone connected by ____________ cartilage or __________________.

5. 2. ____________– articular surfaces of bones are covered by ____________ cartilage which is attached to a pad of springy fibrocartilage; ________________; (Ex. –____________ ____________, & the joint formed by 2 adjacent vertebrae separated by an ____________ disk)

6. Synovial Joints General structure: • Most are found at the ends of long bones where the ____________ cartilage is located. • The bone beneath ____________ cartilage (subchondral plate) is ____________ bone, which functions to absorb ____________. It is somewhat ____________. • A ____________ joint capsule consists of an outer layer of ____________ connective tissue that joins the ____________, and an inner layer made up of ____________ membrane.

7. Contain: • ____________– bundles of tough ____________ fibers reinforce the joint capsule & bind ____________ ends of bones; ligament tightens when bone is ____________ • ____________ ____________ – inner layer of joint capsule made of shiny ____________ lining of ____________ connective tissue; covers joint capsule; the membrane covers the ____________ cavity into which is ____________ the clear ____________ _______> moistens, lubricates, and nourishes

8. Some ____________ joints contain pads of ____________ called ____________ that help to distribute body ____________ within the joint. • Some ____________ joints have fluid-filled sacs called ____________ that cushion the movement of _________ that glide over bony prominences in the ____________ .

9. Synovial Joints Types: • A ____________________joint consists of a bone with a ____________ or ____________ head ____________ with the _____ shaped cavity of another bone; a very wide range of motion is possible. (_________________)

10. 2. A ____________ joint consists of an ovoid ____________ fitting into an ____________ cavity, permitting movement in __ planes. (____________ & ____________ )

11. 3. ____________ joints occur where articulating surfaces are nearly _____or slightly ___________, allowing a ___________________ motion. (joints in wrist & ankle) 4. In a _________joint a ___________surface fits into a __________ surface, as is found in the (elbow and phalange joints).

12. 5. In a ____________ joint a ____________ surface rotates within a ring of bone and ____________ tissue. (atlas & axis) 6. A ____________ joint forms where ____________ surfaces have both ____________ and ____________ areas, permitting a wide range of movements. (trapezium & thumb)

13. Types of Joint Movement 1. When a muscle ____________ , its fibers pull its ____________ end (____________ ) toward its ____________ end (_________), causing movement at a joint. 2. These terms describe movements that occurat joints: flexion, extension, hyperextension, ____________ , plantar flexion, abduction, ____________ , rotation, ____________________, supination, ____________ , eversion, ____________ , protraction, retraction, ____________ , and depression. (Please review pages 230-233)