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BIOCHEMISTRY

This overview of biochemistry delves into organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It explains the structure and function of these essential biomolecules, highlighting their roles as energy sources, building materials, and regulators in living organisms. Each compound type is examined, from the simple sugars of carbohydrates to the complex structures of proteins and nucleic acids, showcasing the importance of molecular composition and interactions in biological systems. Explore how these macromolecules contribute to the essence of life.

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BIOCHEMISTRY

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  1. BIOCHEMISTRY The study of organic compounds

  2. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS • Compounds that contain carbon. • Except carbon dioxide-CO2 C

  3. POLYMER • A giant molecule made of many smaller molecules (monomers).

  4. CARBOHYDRATES • Sugars • Used for energy. • Contain C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio. • Types: Monosaccharide Disaccharides Polysaccharides

  5. LIPIDS • Fats, waxes and oils • Fatty acids & Glycerol • Contain C, H, and O, but not in a 1:2:1 ratio. • Used to store energy. • Insulation • Repel water • Phospholipids (membranes)

  6. Structure of a lipid

  7. Saturated vs. unsaturated fats

  8. Carbohydrates True or False Carbohydrates are polymers made up of smaller subunits called Monosaccharides

  9. Carbohydrates • True or False Carbohydrates contain C, H, and O, and they are the body’s first source of energy.

  10. Lipids • True or false • The structure of a lipid resembles the letter “Z”

  11. Lipids • True or False? • The Monomer of a lipid contains 1 fatty acid and 3 glycerol chains and is the body’s prime source of energy.

  12. PROTEIN • Polymers made of amino acids (20). • Contain C, H, O and N. • Functions: Build & repair tissue. • Movement • Structure • Transport • Defense • Regulation (Hormones & Enzymes)

  13. Shape matters! Enzymes are proteins that have an active site some where on the molecule where others molecules can land and react

  14. NUCLEIC ACIDS • Made of nucleotides: sugar + a nitrogenous base + a phosphate group. • Contain C, H, O, N & P • Contain genetic information. • Control the activities of cells. • DNA & RNA

  15. Nitrogen Bases have a ring structure

  16. What is it? Based on the chart above, food sample D is most likely to be A. orange juice B. pasta C. butter D. scrambled eggs Based on the chart, Steak could most likely be found in A. food sample A B. food sample B C. food sample C D. food sample D

  17. Protein True/False Proteins are composed of Amino Acids linked together, similar to a string of beads.

  18. Proteins • True or False? • Proteins have several functions in the body, including structure and regulation.

  19. Nucleic acids • True or False? • The structure of DNA is often called a triple Helix

  20. Nucleic acids • True or False? • Nucleic acids are large polymers composed of smaller units called nucleotides

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