MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

1. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING A Learner’s Guide AN INTRODUCTORY E-BOOK Anandh Subramaniam FB408, Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur- 208016 Phone:(+91) (512) 259 7215, Fax: (+91) (512) 259 7505 Email:anandh@iitk.ac.in, URL:home.iitk.ac.in/~anandh Kindly send your comments and feedback for improvement at this email address Kantesh Balani Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur- 208016 Phone:(+91) (512) 259 6194, Fax: (+91) (512) 259 7505 Email:kbalani@iitk.ac.in, URL:http://home.iitk.ac.in/~kbalani/ Project coordination Funded by MHRD, Govt. of India through NMEICT

2. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING A Learner’s Guide Anandh SubramaniamKantesh Balani ToMy Parents&My Daughter Luminaa MHRD, Govt. of India through NMEICT

3. Basic References • Though the reader can consult the following books; the contents of the e-book course may often differ in the rigour and details from these and other books. • Materials Science and Engineering (5th Edition) V. RaghavanPrentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2004. • Callister's Materials Science and EngieneringWilliam D Callister (Adapted by R. Balasubramaniam) Wiley Inida (P) Ltd., 2007. • The Science and Engineering of Materials Donald. R. Askeland & Pradeep Phulé Cengage Learning, 2006. Click hereSlide 6: Jump to Navigator Page For Contents Click hereSlide 8: Jump to Hyperlink Library Click hereVideo library: Jump to Video/Graphics Library

4. What will you learn? • Introduction to diverse kinds of engineering materials • Overview of what determines the properties of materials and how we engineer them • Structure of materials and various lengthscales: crystal structure, electromagnetic structure, defect structure, microstructure… • Stability and metastability of materials: the thermodynamics and kinetics • The tools used in materials science: x-ray diffraction, phase diagrams, TTT diagrams… • Properties of materials: elasticity, plasticity, fracture, fatigue, creep, conduction, magnetism… This ebook hopefully will prove an invaluable guide to a ‘learner of materials science & engineering’ (Credits, Syllabus, Marks… are just incidental!) Click here to take a diagnostic testto see if you are ready for this course! “A teacher’s job is to uncover and not cover the syllabus”- Richard M Felder

5. Guidelines to Readers • The contents have been developed such that most of the material is in the form of figures, flow charts, video graphics and less is in the form of text. Hence, instead of saying happy reading we wish you happy viewing! • Instruction for viewing • Using Powerpoint files (.ppt). Click on the relevant hyperlink on the Navigator page. • In the PowerPoint presentations Right Click on the Menu bar to launch the web toolbar (you can use this to navigate back and forth) • Using .pdf (Portable Document Format) files. Adobe Acrobat Reader- freeware (http://get.adobe.com/uk/reader/) will be required for this purpose. • Using Open Office. Powerpoint (.ppt) and Open Office Presentation (.odp) files can be opened with Open Office (http://download.openoffice.org/). • VIEWING POWERPOINT FILES • Start with the PowerPoint files by double clickingon any file. • To start PowerPoint (PPT) presentation from the first slide  press F5 • To start PowerPoint (PPT) presentation from the current slide  press Shift + F5 • To scroll down slides use Page Downor  • Text hyperlinks are underlined in blue colour • OTHER TIPS IN VIEWING • Text boxes and figures may also be hyperlinked (curser has to be placed on the item to see that it is hyperlinked- arrow will change into a hand()) • Some of the hyperlinks may have screen tips  place curser on the hyperlink to see tip • If you want to open a hyperlink as a separate presentation  Clickon the hyperlink • If you want to open a hyperlink within the current window in the current presentation  press Control + Click on the hyperlink (this will work if you have launched the PPT file directly by double clicking) • From a 'hyperlinked presentation' to come back to the main presentation  press Esc

6. Note on accompanying videos • At various places in the chapters there are hyperlinks to videos (.mpg) files → to view these you will need an appropriate viewer (e.g. windows media player). (.gif graphics will directly play inside .ppt) • A listing of these videos is given in the video_library.ppt • Though the chapters are complete in themselves with figures, these videos give ‘classroom style’ explanation of concepts using models. Since concepts are presented in presentation mode, READ EVERY LINE AND EVERY WORD… • A note on the platform chosen for presentation • Windows (XP) based applications have been used to develop the course material. These include: Word, Excel and Powerpoint (2003 versions) • Users of Linux and other platforms may use the pdf version of the Word and Powerpoint files.Additionally, students not having access to Microsoft Office may use the OpenOffice freeware to open the MS office files:http://www.openoffice.org/ (download and install: http://download.openoffice.org/)(there might be some losses in conversion- which is usually not major if Office 2003 is used along with Open Office 3.1)

7. The following hyperlinks are to file-wise substructure. Content-wise substructure will appear in respective chapters. 1. CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction to Materials 1.2 Hierarchy of Lengthscales 7. CHAPTER 7: Diffusion in Solids 8. CHAPTER 8: Phase Transformations Surface Energy and Surface TensionHeat Treatment Solidification, Crystallization and Glass TransitionRecovery, Recrystallization and Grain Growth 2. CHAPTER 2: Equilibrium and Kinetics 2.1 Thermodynamics 2.2 Kinetics 3. CHAPTER 3: Crystal Geometry 3.1 Overview, Geometry of Crystals 3.2 Miller Indices 3.3 X-ray Diffraction 9. CHAPTER 9: Mechanical Behaviour of Materials 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Elasticity 5.3 Plasticity 5.4 Creep 5.5 Fracture 5.6 Fatigue 4. CHAPTER 4: Structure of Solids 4.1 Metallic Solids 4.2 Ionic and Covalent Solids 10. CHAPTER 10: Electrical Conductivity 5. CHAPTER 5: Crystal Imperfections 5.1 Overview 5.2 Point Defects (0D) 5.3 Dislocations (1D) 5.4 Two Dimensional and Volume Defects (3D) 11. CHAPTER 11: Semiconductors 11. CHAPTER 12: Magnetic Materials CHAPTER 6: Phase DiagramsPhase Diagrams Detailed

8. Guidelines to Teachers & Instructors • The course contents are extensive in some places and instructors may want to reduce the content in some topics. • Instructors may download the appropriate files and delete the portion not needed. This will help tailor the contents for any specific syllabus or need. • Any feedback or comments on improvement from instructors and students alike would be highly appreciated (anandh@iitk.ac.in).

9. Hyperlink library Laue_picture.ppt Basics_of_Thermodynamics.ppt bonding_and_properties.ppt line_broadening.ppt close_packed_crystals.ppt magnetic_groups.ppt connection_between_symmetry_and_geometry.ppt constructive_interference.ppt Making_crystals.ppt defect_association.ppt models_for_crystal_structures.ppt defect_in_defect.ppt Motifs.ppt dislocation_stress_fields.ppt mystry_missing_lattices.ppt from_L+M_SG.ppt other_signals_xray.ppt Graphene_crystal.ppt ordered_structures.ppt HCP.ppt interfaces.ppt parallopiped_space_filling.ppt ionicity_of_bond.ppt lattice.ppt

10. Hyperlink library continued… UC_OR_lattice.ppt peierls_stress.ppt Point_groups_detailed.ppt Understanding_stress.ppt proof_rotations_crystal.ppt Quasicrystals.ppt unit_cell.ppt reciprocal_lattice.ppt simple_to_complex_crystal_structures.ppt video_library.ppt size_factor_compounds.ppt voids_in_crystals.ppt space.ppt weak_interactions.ppt structure_factor_calculations.ppt XRD_lattice_parameter_calculation.ppt sublattice.ppt symmetry.ppt XRD_sample_patterns.ppt Symmetry_create_1D_lattice.ppt symmetry_of_solids.ppt

13. Acknowledgments • MHRD is acknowledged for funding for the project via the NMEICT. • I thank Prof. Rajesh Prasad (Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi) for his ‘fundas’ and teaching style.