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Diversity in Bacterial Shapes and Classification

Learn about different types of bacteria based on shape, including Cocci, Bacilli, Vibrios, Spirilla, Spirochetes, and more. Explore how their unique shapes impact their functions and characteristics.

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Diversity in Bacterial Shapes and Classification

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  1. CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA BASED ON SHAPE Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  2. Bacteria is classified into different types based on their shape • Cocci • Bacilli • Vibrios • Spirilla • Spirochetes • Actinomycetes • Mycoplasmas Source: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-various-shapes-of-bacteria Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  3. Cocci cont’d Cocci is derived from kokkos meaning berry in Greek Spherical / Oval cells Mostly spherical and sometimes elongated oval in shape Diameter ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometers. Flat, elongated and oval-shape allows them to have a larger surface area, which allows the bacteria to easily absorb more amount of nutrients. Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  4. Cocci Cocci is derived from kokkos meaning berry in Greek Spherical / Oval cells Mostly spherical and sometimes elongated oval in shape Diameter ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometers. Flat, elongated and oval-shape allows them to have a larger surface area, which allows the bacteria to easily absorb more amount of nutrients. Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  5. Coccus • These bacteria are spherical /oval in shape • They are further sub divided into different types based on their arrangement - i) Diplococcus: Coccus in pair. Eg, Neissseria gonorrhoae, Pneumococcus ii) Streptococcus: Coccus in chain. Eg. Streptococcus salivarius iii) Staphylococcus: Coccus in bunch. Eg. Staphylococcus aureus iv) Tetrad: Coccus in group of four. v) Sarcina: Cocus in cubical arrangement of cell. Eg. Sporosarcin Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_%28shape%29 Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  6. Bacilli • These are rod shaped bacteria • They are further classified as- i) Coccobacilli ii) Streptobacilli: chain of rod shape bacteria: iii) Comma shaped iv) Chinese letter shaped Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_%28shape%29 Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  7. Mycoplasma • They are cell wall lacking bacteria • Also known as PPLO (Pleuropneumonia like organism) • Eg: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Source: http://www.biologydiscussion.com/cell/mycoplasma/mycoplasma-history-habitat-characters-and-cell-structure/23800 Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  8. Spirochaetes: • They are spiral shaped bacteria Source: http://cronodon.com/BioTech/Bacteria_motility3.html Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  9. Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae • They are obligate intracellular parasites resemble more closely to viruses than bacteria Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

  10. Actinomycetes • They have filamentous or branching structure • They resemble more closely to fungi than bacteria • Example: Streptomyces Dr. K. Thamaraiselvi, Dept. of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

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