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Essential Elements and Compounds: A Guide to Chemical Symbols and Formulas

This guide provides an overview of chemical elements and compounds, essential for understanding chemistry. Elements consist of one type of atom, each represented by a unique symbol. Compounds include two or more elements and are denoted by formulas that contain multiple symbols. Subscripts indicate the quantity of each atom present. For example, in H2O, the "2" indicates two hydrogen atoms, while oxygen has no subscript, implying one atom. Key formulas to remember include NaCl (salt), H2O (water), C6H12O6 (glucose), O2 (oxygen), CO2 (carbon dioxide), and N2 (nitrogen).

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Essential Elements and Compounds: A Guide to Chemical Symbols and Formulas

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  1. Elements and Compound Symbols

  2. Elements That You Must Know • Elements are made up of one kind of atom and the symbol for each element is unique.

  3. Compounds and Formulas • Compoundsare composed of more than one element and their formulas have more than one type of symbol showing the different elements that compose the compound.

  4. Chemical formulasare constructed from the symbols of the elements composing the substances. • In a chemical formula, the numbers as subscripts show how many of each kind of atom are in the compound.

  5. Subscripts • The subscript is written to the lower right of the element symbol. • If no subscript is written, only one atom of that element is part of the compound. For example: • H2O, the number 2 is the subscript for hydrogen and means that there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in the compound of water; since there is no subscript for oxygen it is assumed to be one atom of oxygen.

  6. You MUST know these Formulas. What elements and how many! • NaCl [salt], • H2O[water], • C6H12O6[simple sugar], • O2[oxygen gas], • CO2[carbon dioxide], • N2[nitrogen gas]).

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