1 / 32

Cell Processes

Cell Processes. Cell Transport Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Cell Cycle. Exchange with the Environment. Diffusion - the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Osmosis - the diffusion of water across a cell membrane. No energy required.

akamu
Télécharger la présentation

Cell Processes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cell Processes Cell Transport Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Cell Cycle

  2. Exchange with the Environment • Diffusion- the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration • Osmosis- the diffusion of water across a cell membrane

  3. No energy required

  4. Cell in Action • Passive transport- the diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration- no energy • Active transport- the movement of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion • ---requires cells to use energy(active transport)

  5. Cell in Action • Endocytosis -the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell • Exocytosis- the process used to remove large particles from a cell; a vesicle containing the particles fuses with the cell

  6. Cell Energy • Photosynthesis- the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar • Cellular respiration- the process of producing ATP from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide as a waste product

  7. Photosynthesis

  8. Photosynthesis • http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/photosynthesis/photosynthesis.html • http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/photosynthesis/photosynthesis_game.html

  9. Photosynthesis can be represented using a chemical equation. The overall balanced equation is... 6CO2 + 6H2O ---------> C6H12O6 + 6O2Sunlight energy Where: CO2 = carbon dioxideH2O = waterLight energy is requiredC6H12O6 = glucoseO2 = oxygen Learn these formulas

  10. Photosynthesis: transforms light energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of sugar-occurs in chloroplast oUses carbon dioxide and water oProduces oxygen and glucose oOpposite of cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria

  11. Cellular Respiration

  12. Cellular Respiration Equation

  13. ATP ATP ATP • The molecule that supplies energy to fuel the activities of the cell • Formed during cellularrespiration in the mitochondria • Adenosine triphosphate

  14. Glucose • a carbohydrate- form of sugar • Product of photosynthesis • C6H12O6 • The energy in glucose is- used by plant’s cells • Some may be stored in the form of other carbohydrates or lipids

  15. Fermentation •  Fermentation is "the process of energy production in a cell under anaerobic conditions."  Anaerobic is when a biological reaction or process can take place with the absence of oxygen.                                           

  16. 2 types of fermentation • 1- Your muscles need energy faster than your body can provide oxygen to your cells to produce ATP by cellular respiration--- • Fermentation produces lactic acid--- muscle fatigue • 2- fermentation that occurs in some bacteria and fungi • Ex. Yeast can make carbon dioxide and alcohol during fermentation of sugar.

  17. Cell Cycle • The life cycle of the cell • In eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) it consists of 3 parts • 1-Interphase: cell growth and chromosome duplication • 2- Mitosis (PMAT) • 3- Cytokinesis

  18. CELL CYCLE

  19. Chromosome • Coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division • Humans have 46 chromosomes

  20. Binary Fission • The simple cell division in which one cell splits into two • Used by bacteria

  21. Homologous Chromosomes • Chromosomes with matching or similar information • Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes • Potatoes have 24 pairs of homologous chromosomes • An organism’s number of chromosomes has nothing to do with its complexity

  22. Chromatids • Identical copies of a chromosome • After each chromosome is duplicated(copied)- the 2 copies are called CHROMATIDS

  23. Centromere • The region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated(copied)

  24. Mitosis • Nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes • Mitosis makes sure each new cell receives a copy of each chromosome • Consists of 4 phases- PMAT • Prophase, Metaphase,Anaphase and Telophase • Second stage of cell cycle

  25. Cytokinesis • The process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis • Animal cells-The cell membrane pinches in to form a groove—eventually pinching ALL the way through the cell • 2 daughter cells formed • ***Plant cells: Have a cell wall- these cells must first form a cell plate –in the middle of the cell-this becomes the cell membrane- then new cell wall formed

  26. Cytokinesis

More Related