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Essential Cell Processes: Photosynthesis and Respiration

Learn how photosynthesis transforms sunlight into glucose and oxygen, and how respiration converts glucose into energy for cell functions. Understand waste elimination and explore cell reproduction through mitosis.

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Essential Cell Processes: Photosynthesis and Respiration

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  1. Cell Processes

  2. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is the process by which a plant cell uses the energy of sunlight to make food • In this process, photosynthesis uses light energy to combine carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to make glucose (C6H12O6) • Glucose is a simple sugar

  3. Photosynthesis

  4. Photosynthesis Equation

  5. Two Stages • How does photosynthesis take place in the cell? • Stage One: In the chloroplasts, chlorophyll traps the energy of sunlight • Chlorophyll makes plants green • Stage Two: The plant uses the energy to change carbon dioxideand waterinto glucose, the plant’s food

  6. Photosynthesis • Plants absorb water through their roots • Carbon dioxide enters the plant through small openings in their leaves • The plant may use the sugar or store it in cell vacuoles • In addition to glucose, photosynthesis forms oxygen gas • This is released through openings in their leaves

  7. Respiration • All organisms break down simple sugars to obtain energy • This process takes place in the mitochondria • Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down sugar to release energy • Energy that is released is used to build, repair, and reproduce cells

  8. Respiration • How does respiration take place in the cell? • Oxygen (O2) is combined with glucose (C6H12O6) to release energy • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released as a waste product

  9. Respiration Equation

  10. Respiration • Animal cells get the oxygen from the air they breathe • The respiratory system take in oxygen and releases the CO2 and H2O formed during cellular respiration • Plants get the oxygen from photosynthesis • Animals get the glucose from the food they eat

  11. Waste Elimination • Cells must get rid of waste products that could harm the organism • Wastes that collect in a cell are eliminated through the cell membrane by diffusion

  12. Mitosis (add to Section 3) • Process by which cells reproduce • In mitosis, a cell divides to form two new cells • Serves three functions: • Many-celled organisms use for growth • Used to replace cells that die or are damaged • Single-celled organisms use for reproduction

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