Key Cities of Ancient Civilizations

1. Key Cities Aditi Sharma and Sunnie Lee WHAP Period: 4

2. CHAPTER 5 - Iran • Persepolis • Cyrus  began Achaemenids’ rule, defeated Medes • Built by Darius I  extended Persian control and organized the government • Near Elam and Mesopotamia • Geographical center of the empire • Had important skilled workers

3. CHAPTER 5 - Archaic Greece (800-480 BCE) New cities after Dark Age New Intellectual Currents Humanism New technologies Pre-Socrates, new philosophies

4. CHAPTER 5 – Archaic Greece (PT. 2) • Athens • Political, Cultural and Economic Renaissance • Large population &Fertile land • Important government reformers • Solon • Pisistratus • Pericles

5. CHAPTER 5 – Archaic Greece (PT. 3) • Sparta • Southern part of Greek mainland • Military state (because of fear of helot-uprising) • Invaded areas (i.e. Messenia) • Used hoplite tactics • Economic, political and cultural reinassance was suppressed, military aspects overruled • Weren’t normal, didn’t trade • Almost communist-like

6. CHAPTER 5 – Classical Greece (480 BCE-323 BCE) Persian Wars  Struggles between Persia and Greece (Delian League) Dominant rule of Athens Socrates and Plato (new philosophies, Plato’s Academy, new take on education) Athenian navy  Athenian power/rule Inequality in society

7. Hellenistic Age Alexander the Great (son of Phillip II) gained power after/because of Peloponnesian War Alexander favored Persian elements but built Greek-style cities

8. CHAPTER 5 – Hellenistic Age Three Kingdoms: • Ptolemies (Egypt) • Did not enforce Greek culture/ways • Alexandria: • Located between Egypt and Mesopotamia • Seleucids (Eastern areas) • Persian-style government • Antigonid (Macedonia and Greece) • Homogeneous Population

9. The Romans Ruled lands in the Mediterranean Sea Used their natural resources First ruled by 7 Kings and transformed into a republic

10. Chapter 6: Roman Republic • Roman Republic Leaders • Two Consuls • Senate • The Tribune : Patron/ Client Relationship • Shared privileges of citizenship • Conquest  Wars and Expansion

11. Failure of the Roman Republic • Failure of the Republic • Decline in military and senate power • Gauis Marius : led to private armies under generals. • Civil wars = resulted from loyalty to generals • Augustus ends the republic and creates the Roman Principate

12. Roman Empire Urban Empire Granted Citizenship

13. Roman Empire • Carthage & Other Cities • Large populations = Strains on resources • Elegant Townhouses & Villas • Town Councils maintained law & order • Lavish Amenities & Attractions • PaxRomana : Safety & Stable life guranteed • Aqueducts

14. Rise of the Byzantine Empire • Constantinople • Built by Constantine • More educated & Christian population • Capital of the Byzantine empire

15. Qin Dynasty Founder: Shi Huangdi Totalitarian Structure Unified the Chinese Civilization = Standardization Confucianism & Legalism

16. Han Dynasty Founder: Liu Bang Combined Legalism with Confucianism Military Expansion Formation of the Gentry

17. The Han Empire • Chang’an • Located in the Wei Valley • Protected by a ring of hills • High walls protected important areas • Important city on the Silk Road

18. The Mauryan Empire First Centralized Empire of India Founder: Chandragupta Maurya Based on Buddhism

19. The Gupta Empire Located near Trade Routes Founder: Chandragupta Based on Hinduism

20. The Gupta Empire • Pataliputra • “Theater State” • Located on Trade Routes • Capital of the Empire • Fertile Land

21. Southeast Asia **better map on pg. 191 in your textbooks!

22. Important Cities in South East Asia • Funan • Srivijaya • Capital of Srivijayan Kingdom • Dominated Indian Ocean Trade Route • Navigable Rivers • Sumatran Sea Port

23. Silk Road Trade route for Mediterranean & China From Antioch – Chang’an

24. Indian Ocean Maritime System Trade across Indian Ocean & South China Sea Used monsoon winds to navigate

25. Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes Trade in caravan cities across the Sahara

26. Cities on the Trans Saharan Caravan Rotes • New technologies (camel breeding, stirrups, etc.) • Saba • Caravan city near the coast • Trading center with diverse populations • Petra • Caravan City • Traded native products

27. Sassanid Empire Rival of the Byzantine Followers of Zoroastrianism Ruled in Iran

28. **This is the end of Chapter 8. Chapter 9 is Islam, which Maddie, Shahriyar and Sydney did a good job of explaining. Mrs. Hallgren will be going over Chapters 10 and 11 for the quiz in class! This powerpoint covers Chapters 5-12 and will be up on Edmodo and Facebook to use as another study tool for the test on Tuesday. Good luck guys! :D

29. Islamic Kingdoms Key Cities : Mecca & Medina **You guys should know this from Maddie, Sydney and Shahriyar’s presentation!

30. Western Church Rule of the Pope Influenced by Christianity Strongly disliked Paganism Monastism Crusades on pg. 270 **Better map on pg. 258 in your textbooks!

31. Byzantine Empire Founder: Constantine Capital : Constantinople Paganism died easily

32. Kievan Russia Founder : Vladimir I Orthodox Christianity Dependent on Byzantine

33. Sui Empire Built Grand Canal Unified China Strong influence of Buddhism (another) Chang’an

34. Tang Empire Founder : Li Shimin Decedents of the Turks Tributary City

35. Tang Empire Cities • (yet another) Chang’an • Cultural & Economic Capital • Near the Grand Canal & Wei River Valley • Sea Port • Destination of Tributes • Canton (Guangzhou) • Coastal city • Connected to the Capital

36. Empires during Tang Rein • Uigur and Tibetan Empire • Uigurs= Turkish group with ties to Islam and China • Tibet: Islamic, Indian, Chinese & Greek Culture • Friendly with the Tang, liked Buddhism at first • Ended with Monastic Rule

37. Post Tang Empires • Song Empire • Largest successor of the Tang empire • Capital: Kaifeng • Liao • Challenged the Song empire • Northern China • Jin Empire • Ruled by the Jurchens • Southern Song Empire

38. Key cities in the Song Empire • Hangzhou • Advanced technology allowed flow of the river through the city avoided the Burbonic plague • Multistory wooden apartments & narrow streets • Large population • Expertise in water supply & waste management • Amenities : Restaurants, Parks and Tea Houses

39. Korean, Japanese & Vietnamese Empires • Koryo • Allied with the Song & disliked Jin and Liao. • Used movable type print • Japan • Yamato Empire • Capital: Nara & Kyoto • Influenced greatly by Chinese empires • Kamakura Shogunte • Military Regimine rule of Japan • Vietnam • Ammam Empire • Modeled after Chinese empires • Rivals with Champa • Government resembled early Tang

40. Mesoamerican Classical Period • Teotihuacan Civilization • Most important civilization of Mesoamerica • Rapid Population growth • Religious Detailed Architecture • Relatively Peaceful, Military = important • Mayan Civilization • Shared similar culture • Powerful cities controlled rural cities • Lasted through Classical period

41. Mesoamerican Post Classical • The Toltecs • Similar to the Teotihuatican • Based on military power • Two kings or chieftains ruled • One ruler was exiled and led to decline • The Aztecs • Twin Capitals : Tenochititlan and Tlateloclo • Military success = empire • Tribute system & Long distance Trade

42. Northern People • Anasazi • Chaco Canyon = community • Mound Building Cultures • Adena • Hopewell • Mississippian

43. Andean Civilizations • Moche • Military Control • Chimu • Powerful Coastal Civilization • Tiwanku • Highly stratified society • Wari • military power ended Moche • Incas • initially a chiefdom that expanded with conquest • Expanded trade system