Proton Driver / Project X

1. Proton Driver / Project X Keith Gollwitzer Fermilab August 30, 2012

2. Outline K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Proton Driver Requirements • Project X as part of Proton Driver • Reference Design • Upgrade Path • Formatting Rings • Accumulator • Compressor • Delivery to Target • Plans

3. Proton Driver Requirements Note that 1 bunch is acceptable K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Start from IDS-NF • Muon Collider is similar except • 1 Bunch per train at 12-15 Hz

4. Project X Mission Goals Project X: Accelerator Overview June 2011 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) Provide a neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments based on a capability of targeting at least 2 MW on proton beam power at any energy between 60-120 GeV. Provide MW-class, multi-GeV, proton beams supporting multiple kaon, muon and neutrino based precision experiments. Simultaneous operations of the rare processes and neutrino programs are required. Provide a path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or Muon Collider. Provide Options for implementing a program of Standard Model tests with nuclei and/or nuclear energy applications.

5. Project X Reference Design • CW Linac will support average beam current of 1 mA to 3 GeV • Pulsed Linac (3-8 GeV) will have a ~5% duty factor • Possible 8 GeV beam power of 320 kW • Programmable Chopper System (part of H- source) will provide appropriate bunch structure for the linac experiments as well as fill the appropriate part of the RF buckets in the accumulating Recycler Ring Pulsed Linac chosen over RCS in FY11 as a better upgrade path for MAP K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

6. Project X Choppers & Splitters Splitters Pulsed Dipole: switch from 3GeV experiment area and Pulsed Linac Transverse RF beam splitter synchronized with programmable chopper Choppers One gross chopper prior to RFQ Programmable chopper after RFQ (162.5MHz) which is capable of single bunch selection; limits beam current in CW linac K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

7. Gross Chopping & Splitting K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

8. Fine Chopping K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

9. Project X – MAP Task Force Met April 2011- December 2011 Working on report K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Members of Project X and MAP teams have outlined how to • Upgrade Project X to achieve 4MW at 8GeV • Increase particles • Doubling per linac bunch & average beam current to 5 mA • Increase pulsed linac duty factor • Increase to 10% • Beam Reformatting • Accumulation Ring • Bunch Compression

10. Proton Driver Layout Accumulator Ring 4MW Target Compressor Ring K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

11. Project X Upgrade Path - 1 Front End (warm) H- ion source, RFQ, MEBT, Programmable Chopper System Initially 5mA Run at 10mA (Ion source is capable) Entire front end is being designed for 10mA Programmable Chopper Capable of bunch by bunch 162.5MHz Will suppress beam to limit beam current down stream to 5mA1mA average K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

12. Front End Collimation K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Systems designed to intercept beam will have to be able to handle the increased number of particles • Factor of two prior to chopper system • Factor of five downstream of chopper • Project X team is designing an absorber associated with the programmable chopper capable of 25kW from 5kW • Will also need to be able to handle increase in beam size • Larger emittance for larger RFQ output current

13. Project X Upgrade Path - 2 3 GeV CW SRF Linac Average beam current 1mA5mA 325 and 650MHz Retuning of couplers to be efficient – may set initially for higher current K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

14. Project X Upgrade Path - 3 Pulsed Linac 1.3 GHz SRF 3-8 GeV 10%5% duty factor at 10Hz15Hz More RF power Upgrade of couplers More cryo capacity K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

15. Project X Pulsed Linac K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

16. Project X Upgrade Path - 4 • Conventional facilities • More water cooling • Building space • More cryo capacity • More Klystrons • An upgrade re-uses >75% of RDR cost Project X RDR cost distribution (FY11) K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

17. Project X to Formatting Rings K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • The outlined Project X upgrade will provide 4MW of H- beam at 8GeV • Pulsed linac repetition rate is appropriate for NF/MC • Linac beam pulses are delivered at 162.5MHz with only 50% occupancy • Beam re-formatting • Accumulation/conversion to proton beam • Package in few bunches of appropriate length

18. Possible Operational Schemes K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Upgraded Project X pulses at 15Hz • Programmable chopper allows half of beam to be sent into RF bucket for 6.67ms pulse • Accumulation Ring is used to convert to proton beam into 4 bunches • Transfer beam to Compressor Ring • Neutrino Factory: 1 bunch at a time (effectively 60Hz) • Muon Collider: all bunches at once • Compressor Ring bunch rotates beam and extracts • Muon Collider: each bunch takes different path to arrive at target simultaneously

19. First passes at Rings’ Designs Will continue to develop and investigate lattices K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) Several people have designed and investigated rings

20. Accumulator Injection R&D K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Stripping 4MW at 8GeV • Foils versus laser • Will interface with other groups also doing high-powered multi-GeV stripping • Need to develop method to handle ~1% of beam not stripped

21. Compressor Ring K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Accept single bunch, or all bunches, from Accumulator • Does a quick bunch rotation • Extracts beam • Do not expect space charge problem due to quick process • Investigate location • Can be away from Project X and Accumulator • Could be in same tunnel as Accumulator • Possibly be incorporated into Accumulator • NF issue would be multiple bunch rotations may blow-up beam

22. Neutrino Factory Beam Line From Target and Absorbers talk by K. McDonald K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Extracted beam from Compressor Ring is delivered to target • Beam enters the target area with an angle to the solenoid axis and will have a path such that the center of the interaction region is on the solenoid’s axis • Discussions with target station group about where last focusing element can be placed • Target Infrastructure • Jet • Cooling • Radiation Shielding

23. Muon Collider Beam Line - 1 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) Extracted bunches from Compressor Ring are sent into different length beam lines

24. Muon Collider Beam Line - 2 Simplified schematic with no solenoid field K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) Each beam line enters the target area with an angle to the solenoid axis and will have a path such that the center of the interaction region is on the solenoid’s axis

25. Muon Collider Beam Line - 3 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • Once we understand the Neutrino Factory single beam line and target area interface: • Will determine which 4 beam paths into target area can be used • Determine spacing of beams for last beam line element which will have to do the following • Be part of the final focus for all beams • Be a 4-way dipole to hit the appropriate trajectories

26. Plans K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • FY 13-15 • Design and investigate the Accumulator and Compressor Rings • Contribute to IDS-NF with Project X Proton Driver information • Single beam line interface with Target Area for Neutrino factory • Develop multi-beam lines and final focus magnet concepts for Muon Collider • Develop MAP staging options with Proton X • FY 16-18 • Evaluate MAP staging options with Proton X • Prepare performance and costing for Technical Feasibility Report

27. Back-up Slides K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

28. Project X Ion Source K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

29. Project X RFQ Studies K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)

30. Project X CW Linac: Worst Case K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012) • 3 GeV physics program stay with average beam current of 1 mA. • 10% at 5 mA and 90% at 1 mA average current

31. Project X 650 MHz RF Power K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)